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Alveol/o
Aveolus, air sac
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Broncho/o
Bronchi/o
Bronchus , airway
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Bronchiol/o
Bronchiole , little airways
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Capn/o
Carb/o
Carbon Dioxide
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Laryng/o
Larynx , voice box
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Pharyng/o
Pharynx , throat
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Pneum/o
Pneumon/o
Air or Lung
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Thorac/o
Pector/o
Steth/o
chest
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Trache/o
trachea , wind pipe
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-pnea
Breathing , dyspnea
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Sinuses
air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavaity
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Palate
Partition between the oral and nasal cavities
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Pharynx
throat, passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
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tonsils
oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx
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Adenoid
lymphatic tissue on the back
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Uvula
small projection hanging from the back of the mouth
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Larynx
voice box, passageway for air moving to trachea
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Trachea
windpipe; passageway for air from the larynx
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Bronchial tree
branched airways that lead from the trachea to the alveoli
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Rt adn Lt Bronchus
two airways branching into the lungs
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Bronchioles
progressively smallertubular branches of the airway
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Alveoli
Thing walled microscopic air sacs that exchange gases
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Lungs
spongy organs located int he thoracic cavity responsible for respiration
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lobes
subdivisions of the lungs; two on the left and three on the right
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Pleura
membranes enclosing the lung and lining the thoracic cavity
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Pleural Cavity
potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura
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Diaphragm
Muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and moves up and down
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Mediastinum
Partition that separates the thorax into two compartments and includes heart espohagus trachea thymus gland and lungs
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Mucous membranes
thing sheets of tissue that line the respiratory passages ; secrete mucus
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orthopnea
ability to breathe only in an upright position
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Crackles/rales
popping sounds heard on ausculation of the lungs when air enters diseased airways
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Wheezes/Rhonchi
high pitches musical sounds heard on ausculation of the lung as air flows through narrowed airways (asthma)
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Stridor
a high pitched crowing sound that is a sign of obstruction in the upper airways
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Caseous necrosis
degeneration and death of tissue witha a cheese like appearnce like tuberculosis
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Expectoration
coughing up and spiting out of material from the lungs
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Sputum
Material expelled from the lungs by coughing
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Hemoptysis
coughing up and spitting out blood originating in the lungs
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Hympercapnia
Excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood
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hyperventilation
excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypocapnia
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hypoventilation
deficient movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypercapnia
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Hypoxemia
Deficient amount of oxygen int he blood
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hypoxia
deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells
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obstructive lung disorder
condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs
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restrictive lung disorder
condition limiing the intake of air into the lungs
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Pulmonary edema
fluid filling of the spaces around the alveoli
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pulmonary infiltrate
density on an xray representing solid material winthin the air spaces of the lungs indicating inflammatory changes
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rhinorrhea
thin watery discharge from the nose
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Asthma
panting obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes
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Atelectasis
Collapse of lung tissue
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Bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
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bronchogenic carcinoma
lung cancer
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bronchospasm
constriction of bronchi cuased by spasm of the smooth muscle
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emphysema
Obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COPD Permanent destructive pulmonary disorder that is a comb of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
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cystic fibrosis
inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick viscous muscus that obstructs airways
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Laryngitis
inlammation of the larynx
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Coup
inflammation of the upper airways with swelling that creates a seal bark cough
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laryngospasm
spasm of laryngeal muscles causing constriction
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pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
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Pleural effusion
accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity
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Hemothorax
accumulation of blood int he pleural cavity
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pleuritis/pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
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Pneumoconiosis
Chrnoic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts such as coal, asbestos, or silicone
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Pneumonia
inflammation in the lung caused by infection frombacteria, viruses fungi , parasites or aspiration of chemicals
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pneumocystis pneumonia
pneumonia caused by the Pneumocystis organism a common infection seen in those with HIV
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pneumothorax
air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall
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pneumohemothorax
air and blood in the pleural cavity
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Pneumonitis
inflammation of the lung often caused by hypsersensitivity to chemicals or dusts
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Pulmonary embolism (PE)
occlusion in the pulmonary circulation most often caused by a blood clot
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB)
- diseased caused by presence of bacteria in the lungs
- inflammation and necrotizing caseous leions
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sinusitis
inflammation of the sinuses
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sleep apnea
periods of breathing cessation that occur during sleep
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tonsilitis
acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils
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Upper respiratory infection
Infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages pharynx adn bronchi
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Arterial blood gases (ABGs)
analysis of arterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function int he exchang of gases
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pH
a measure of blood acidity or alkalinity
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PaO2
Partial pressure of oxygen measuring the amount of oxygen in the blood
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PaCO2
partial pressure of carbon dioxide measuring amoutn of carbon dioxide in the blood
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Polysomnography
recording of various aspects of sleep for diagnosis of sleep disorders
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Ausuclation
to listen to thelungs
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Percussion
tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate size border or fluid content of a cavity
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Pulmonary function testing
Direct adn indirect measurements of lung volums and cpacities
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tidal volume
amount of air exhaled after normal inhalation
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vital capacity
amount of air exhaled after a maximal inhalation
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Peak flow (PF)
Peak expiratory flow rate
measure of the fastest flow of exhaled air after maximal inspiration
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Pulse oximetry (po)
a method of estimating the percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood using arterial pulsation
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pnuemonectomy
removal of an entire lung
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thoracentesis
puncture for aspiration of the chest
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thoracoplasty
repair of the chest involving fixation of the ribs
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Thoracostomy
creation of an opening in the chest usually for insertion of a tube
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tonsillectomy
excision of the tonsils
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Thoracotomy
incision into the chest
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Tracheostomy
creations of an opening in the trachea, most often to isnert a tube
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Tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
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Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
device that pumps a constant pressurized flow of air through the nasal passages
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Mechanical ventilation
mechanical method performed by a respiratory therapist to provide assisted breathinig using a ventilator
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bronchodilator
drug that dilates the muscular walls of the bronchi
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expectorant
drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing
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