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ket/o
keton/o
ketone bodies
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adrenal glands
the adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones and the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
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steroid hormones
regulate carbohydrate metabolism and salt and water balance
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androgens
steroid produced by the testes
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epinephrine
affect sympathetic nervous system in stress response
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ovaries
secretes estrogen and progesterone
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estrogen
progesterone
the development of female secondary sex characteristics and regulation of reproduction
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pancreas
secretes insulin and glucagon
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insulin
glucagon
regulates carbohydrate/sugar metabolism
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parathyroid glands
secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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parathyroid hormone
regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
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pineal gland
secretes melatonin and serotonin
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melatonin
affects onset of puberty
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serotonin
serves as the precursor to melatonin
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pituitary gland
hypophysis
makes hormones that affect growth and functions of the body
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antidiuretic hormon (ADH
influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules
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oxytocin
influences uterine contraction
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testes
secretes testosterone
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thymus gland
secretes thymosin, which regulates immune response
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thyroid gland
secretes triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and calcitonin
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exophthalmos
exophthalmus
protrusion of one or both eyeballs
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glucosuria
glycosuria
sugar in the urine
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hirsutism
excessive growth of hair in unusual places
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hypercalcemia
high level of calcium in blood
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hypocalcemia
low level of calcium in blood
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hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
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hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
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hyperkalemia
high level of potassium in the blood
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hypokalemia
low level of potassium in the blood
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ketosis
ketoacidosis
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine
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metabolism
chemical processes in the body that result in growth, generation of energy, and elimination of waste
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polydispia
excessive thirst
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polyuria
excessive urination
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cushing syndrome
disorder caused by exposure to high levels of the hormone cortisol. symptoms are upper body obesity, facial puffiness, weakness, thin skin
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diabetes mellitus (DM)
disorder caused by an abnormal utilization of insuin
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type 1 diabetes mellitus
patient is dependent on insulin for survival
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type 2 diabetes mellitus
the patient is not dependent on insulin for survival
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hyperinsulinism
excessive amount of insulin that draws sugar out of the blood
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hyperparathyroidism
hypersecretion of the parathyroid glands
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hypoparathyroidism
hyposecretion of the parathyroid glands
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pituitary gland
secretes hormones that regulate the function of other glands
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acromegaly
enlarged features caused by the hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty
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diabetes insipidus
abnormal increase in urine output
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pituitary dwarfism
congenital hyposecreetion of growth hormone
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pituitary gigantism
hypersecretion of growth hormone leads to an abnormal overgrowth of bone
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goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland
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hyperthyroidism
graves disease
thyrotoxicosis
condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland
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hypothyroidism
low thyroid levels in the blood
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myxe
advanced hypothyroidism in adults
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cretinism
congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical sature
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blood sugar (BS)
measuring the level of sugar in the blood
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fasting blood sugar (FBS)
measurement of blood sugar levels after a fast of 12 hours
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postprandial blood sugar (PPBS)
measurement of blood sugar level after a meal
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glucose tolerance test (GTT)
measurements of the body's ability to metabolize carbs
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glycohemolobin
molecule that rises in the blood from an increased level of blood sugar
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electrolytes
measurement of the level of specific ions in the blood
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computed tomography (CT)
used to obtain a transverse view of the pituitary gland
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thyroid uptake and image
scan of the thyroid to detect thyroid tumors
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adrenalectomy
excision of adrenal gland
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hypophysectomy
excision of pituitary gland
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pancreatectomy
excision of the pancreas
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parathyroidectomy
excision of parathyroid gland
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thymectomy
excision of the thymus gland
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thyroidectomy
excision of thyroid gland
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continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)
insulin pump therapy
a device that infuses doses of insulin
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radioiodine therapy
use of radioactive iodine to treat disease
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antihypoglycemic
drug that raises blood sugar
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antithyroid drug
agent that blocks the production of thyroid hormones
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hypoglycemic antihyperglycemic
drug that lowers blood sugar
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