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Cerebell/o
Cerebellum (little brain)
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Hypn/o
Somn/i
Somn/o
Sleep
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mening/o
meningi/o
meninges (membrane)
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Myel/o
Spinal Cord or bone Marrow
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phas/o
speech
Aphasia-no speech
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Dysphasia
troubel swallowing
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Phob/o
exaggerated fear or sensitivity
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Phren/o
Psych/o
thym/o
Mind
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spondyl/o
vertebr/o
vertebra
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Stere/o
three dimensional or solid
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Tax./o
order or condition
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thalam/o
thalamus (a room)
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ventricul/o
ventricle (Pouch)
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-mania
condition of abnormal implse toward
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-paresis
slight paralysis
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Two classes of cells that make up the nervous system
- neurons (basic structure)
- neuroglia (supporting structures)
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Neurons are made up of . . .
- soma
- dendrites
- axon
- synapses
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Nerves
impulse carrying fibers called nerves
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The three divisions of the nervous system . . .
- Central nervous system
- peripherals nervous system
- autonomic nervous system
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Ependymal cells
line brain ventricles
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oligodendrocytes
wrap axons , myelination
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Astrocytes
support capillaries
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Microglial cells
Engluf invading microorganisims and dead tissue
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Cerebrum
Largest portion of the brain , maeks right and left hmispheres
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frontal lobe
anterior section of each cerebral hmisphere
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parietal lobe
portion posterior to the frontal lobe , responsible for pain tem and touch sensation
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temporal lobe
portion that lies below the front lobe , hearing taste and smell
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occipital lobe
responsible for vision
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cerebral cortex
responsible for higher mental functions
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thalamus
Gray matter muclei deep within the brain, responsible for relaying sensory information
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Meninges- three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
- Dura matter
- Arachnoid
- pia mater
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ventricles
interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemisphere , filled with cerebrospinal fluid
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Cerebrospinal fluid
Plasma like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord
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spinal cord
column of nervous tissues from the brainstem through the vertebrae -responsible for nerve conduction
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peripheral nervous system
nerves that branch from the central nervous system
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sensory nerves
nerves that conduct imulses from the body parts and carry sensory information to the brain
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motor nerves
nerves that conduct motor imulses from the brain to muscles and glands
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autonomic nervous system
nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle cardiac muscle and various glands
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hypothalamus
control center for the autonomic nervous system located below the thalamus
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sympathetic nervous system
division of the ANS concerned primarily with preparing the body in stressful or emergency situations
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parasympathetic nervous system
restores body to a restful state after stressful experience
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aphasia
condtion without speech because of localized brain injury
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dysphasia
difficulty speaking
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coma
referring to levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness
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delirium
state of mental confusion
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dementia
impairment of intellectual funtion memory loss disorientation and confusion
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paralysis
temporary or permanent loss of motor control
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Flaccid Paralysis
defected (flabby) or absent muscle control cuased by a nerve lesion
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spastic paralysis
Stiff and awkward muslce control caused by a nervous system disorder
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Hemiparesis
partial paralysis of the right or left half of thebody
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sciatica
pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve
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seizure
sudden transient disturbances in brain function abnormal firing of nerve impulses
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tactile stimulation
evoking a response by touching
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hyperesthesia
increased sensitivitiy to stiumlations such as touch or pain
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paresthesia
abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause
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agnosia
any of many types of loss of neurological function
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No
Knowing or mind hypNOsis
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alzheimer disease
disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration -forgetfullness disorientation loss of intellectual functions, total disability anddeath
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in loss of muscle control. - weakness in muscles, including speech muscles, swallowing breathing total paralysis and death
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Cerebral Palsy
Condtion of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development
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Cerebrovascular diseas
disorder resulting from a change within one or moew blood vessels of the brain
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CVA cerebrovascular accident (Stroke)
damage to the braing cuased by verebrovascular disesase (occulsion of a blood vessel by an emolus)
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transient ischemic attack (TIA)
breif episode of loss of blood flow to the brain usually caused by a partial occlusion that rulsts in temporary neruological deficit
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Encephalitis
inflammation of hte brain
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epilepsy
disorder affecting the central nervous system characterized by refurrent seizures
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tonic clonic eizure
stiffening jerking major motor seizure grand mal
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absence seizure
involving a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvement
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partial seizure
seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms
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glioma
tumor of the glial cells graded by degree of maligancy
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hernitated disk
protusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk
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herpes zoster
viral diesease affecting the peripheral nerves charcterzied by painful blisters shingles
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huntington disease
hereditary disease of the ventral nervous system
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hydrocephalus
abnormal accumlation of the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventrilces of the brain
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meningioma
benign tumor of the coverings of the brain
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meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
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MS
Disease of the central nervous system charaterized by the demyelination of nerve fibers-neurological dysfunction
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narcolepsy
sleep disorder
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parkinsons disesase
condition of slowly progressive degeneration of a area of the brain -decrease of dopamine which is necessary for proper movement
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electroencephalogram
- record of the minute electrical imulses of the brain
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lumbar puncture
needle into the psine of the lumbar region for dianostic purpose (gets cerebrospinal fluid)
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Positron emission tomography (Pet Scan)
nuclear medicine and computed tomography to produce images of brain anatomy (used to study strokes, alzheimers, epilepsy , etc)
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cerebral angiogram
xray of blood vessels with inection of contrast medium
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reflex testing
testperformed to observe the bodys respose to a stimulus
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babinksi reflex
response to stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot- can be used to determine brain function
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craniectomy
excision of a part of the skull
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craniotomy
incision into the skull to get to the brain
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diskectomy
removal of a herniated disk
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laminectomy
excision of one or more laminae of the vertebrate
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hypnotic
agent that induces sleep
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catatonia
state of unresponsiveness
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delusion
persistant belief that has no basis in reality
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euphoria
exaggerated unfounded feeling of wellbeing
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hallucination
false percepteion of the senses
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mania
state of abnormal elations and increased activity
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psychosis
mental condition characterized by distortion of reality
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neuroleptic agents
used to treat psychosis, like schizophrenia
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schizoprenia
disease of brain chemistry causing a distorted cognitive and emotional perception of ones environment
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