Connective Tissue and Integumentary System

 forms a continuum with epithelial tissue, muscle, and nervous tissue

origin of connective tissue

principal fiber producing cell; most common cell type in connective tissue

signet ring appearance; nuclei is compressed and displaced into once side; thin rim of cytoplasm

intrinsic defense cells(engulf bacteria); motile and phagocytic cells; cytoplasm has granules; deeply stained

bone marrow to connective tissue; small spherical nucleus; basophilic; presents in allergic reaction

migrate from one part of the body; short lived

anti-body producing cells; basophilic cytoplasm; spherical nucleus; has heterochromatin clumps(clock face appearance)

outward passage of blood cells through intact vessel walls

give examples of ground substance(amorphous)

appears as pink wavy bundles in the microscope with fibroblasts

provide tensile strength to the connective tissue; most abundant protein in the body

disease characterized by hyperelastic skin, loose joints, and easily damaged blood vessels; collagen disruption is disrupted by genetic mutations

sponge-like appearance of network; collagen type III; threadlike; agyrophilic fibers

appears wavy/refractile; (+) skin, lungs, and blood vessels; (+) stretching/recoil properties

present in embryo/umbilical cord; small spindle shaped cell; has ground substance with no protein fibers

wharton's jelly; umbilical cord; composed mainly of ground substance and small amounts of collagen; few fibroblast

mesenchyme and mucous connective tissue

loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue

thin sparse collagen, elatic and reticular fibers; flexible and well vascularized; found beneath the epithelia of the body where there is minimal stress or less friction

offer resistance and connection; contains mostly collagen with fibroblasts

seen in reticular layer of the skin; no definite direction of collagen fibers;

closely packed collagen fibers; elongated fibroblasts; going in the direction of the collagen fiber; provide great resistance to traction; tendons, ligaments, and aponeurosis

storage of fat; cushion; thermal insulator

type of adipose tissue mainly found in adult; one central lipid droplet

found in newborsn; smaller size but with many lipid droplets; acts as insulator

found in lymphoid organs; has collagen type III; specialized fibroblasts

layer of skin dervied from ectoderm

layers of skin derived from mesoderm

composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; keratinocytes; direct contact with the environment

finger-like projections anchors the epidermis to the dermis; prominent on areas of friction; responsible for appearance of finger prints

single layer of basophilic columnar or cuboidal keratinocytes on the basement membrane of the dermal-epidermal junction; nound by hemidesmosomes

attacher keratinocyte to another keratinocyte

thickest epidermal layer; slightly flattened cells; central ovoid nucleus

stratum basale and stratum spinosum; has confined mitotic activity

keratin fibrils which converge and terminate at the numerous desmosomes

polyhedral > flattened; dense basophilic granules; (+) lamellar granules

flat flakes and sheets of keratin; tough protective layer

only seen in thick skin; transluscent layer of extremely flattened eosinophilic cells; evitent desmosomes

type of epidermis with hair follicles, sweat glands and thin stratum spinosum, granulosum and corneum

type of epidermis with no hair follicles, has numerous sweat glands and has thick stratum spinosum, granulosum, corneum, stratum lucidum

disease characterized by thick red patches with thick white cells; abnormal proliferation of cells in malphigian layer; greater epidermal thickness; keratinization with a defective sign; split sign-pin point bleeding

cells in the epidermis that make up most of the epidermis

found among the cells in the basal layer and in the hair follicles; produces melanin(eumelanin)

acts as a depot containing melanin

stimulates keratinocytes to secrete paracrine factors that stimulate melanocyte activity

disease characterized by inability of melanocytes to secrete melanin; absence of tyrosinase activity; normal number of cells

disease characterized by degeneration and disappearance of entire melanocyte; autoimmune disease

a macrophage; intraepidermal; antigen recognition and processing cells; can be found in all layers; has cytoplasmic processes

tactile epithelial cells; intraepidermal touch receptors; rounded cells with pale staining nuclei located at basal layer; present in the thick skin of palms and soles; supplied by afferent nerve endings

composed of collagen and elastic fibers; responsible for the tone and texture of the skin

layer of the dermis that contains loose connective tissue; has collagen elastic fivers and fibroblasts; where dermal pappilae interdigitate with epidermal pegs or ridges; more amorphous substance and fibroblast compared to reticular layer

layer of the dermis with dense irregular connective tissue; thick collagen; has blood vessels, nerves and skin appendages

regular lines of tension in the skin formed by collagen and elastic fibers; lines of cleavage; used for surgical incisions

major storage of lipids and provides insulation; consists of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

down growths of epidermis into dermis and hypodermis; i.e. hair follicle; hair; pilosebaceous unit

simple branch acini; holocrine; secretes sebum

simple coiled tubular; apocrine(large) and eccrine(small)

simple coiled tubular; found all over the skin except lips, glans penis, and nail bed; opens directly at skin surface

type of eccrine sweat gland that is composed of columnar cells with a central oval nuclei and pale cytoplasm(secretory gland); its secretory duct is composed of stratified cuboidal epithelium

produces odorless secretion; viscid milky secretion; found in axilla, areola, anal regions

modified apocrine sweat glands that develop under hormonal influence; branched tubular glands; cuboidal myoepithelial

skin overlying the nail root

cuticle; situated between the skin of the finger and the nail plate

dense keratinized plate resting on nail bed

crescent-shaped part of nail root

skin beneath free edge of the nail

extends from lunula to hyponychium

proximal end of the nail extending deep into the dermis; produces nail and nail bed

underlying epithelium which undergoes proliferation and differentiation giving rise to the nail plate

fungal infection of the nail plate

characterized by spoon nails

characterized by clubbing of nails

shunt blood away from skin surface when exposed to cold temperature

detection for mechanical stimuli; transmit touch, pain, itch

sensory nerve fibers innervating the base of the hair follicle

located in deep dermis; sensory receptor for deep pressuer; lamellated

found in dermal papillae under the epidermis; sensory receptor for light touch

found in connective tissue of organs located deep in the body where they are sensitiyve to movements of internal organs