Personal Training Theory

decreases the angle between the dorsum of the foot and the leg, so that the toes are brought closer to the shin.

 is the movement which increases the approximate 90 degree angle between the front part of the foot and the shin. Tippy Toes

 motion that moves away from the centerline of the body

 movement which brings a part of the anatomy closer to the middle sagittal plane of the body.

circular movement of a limb or eye

is rotation towards the center of the body

rotation away from the center of the body

rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face upward

rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face downward

movement of the sole towards the median plane (as when an ankle is twisted).

 the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane.

Anterior movement of the arms at the shoulders

Posterior movement of the arms at the shoulders.

Movement in a superior direction. The upper muscle fibers of the trapezius aid in elevating the apex of the shoulder

Movement in an inferior direction, the opposite of elevation. Opposite to the upper fibers, the lower half of the trapezius aids in depressing the apex of the shoulder.

are secondary cartilaginous joints (symphysis) which are designed for strength and weight bearing. Bend the spine

A synovial, gliding joint between a vertebra and rib

The 1st to 7th ribs articulate via their costal cartilages with the lateral borders of the sternum

allows movement of the clavicle in three planes, predominantly in the anteroposterior & vertical planes, although some rotation also occurs

joint at the top of the shoulder. It is the junction between the acromion (part of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder) and the clavicle

or shoulder joint, is a multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus The human shoulder is the most moving joint in the body.