Endocrine System

GH - growth hormone

TSH - thyroid-stimulating hormone

ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone

PRL - prolactine

FSH - follicle-stimulating hormone

LH - luteinizing hormone

ADH  - antidiuretic hormone

Oxytocin

T3 - thyroxine

T4 - triiodothyronine

Calcitonin

PTH - parathyroid hormone

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

Coritsol (95% glucocoricoids)

Aldosterone (95% Mineralocoricoids)

Sex hormones

Insulin (B-cells)

Glucagon (A-cells)

Testosterone

Estrogen

Progesterone

Thymosin

Promotes growth of T-cells active in immunity

Melatonin

regulates mood, sexual development & daily cycles in response to the amount of light in the environment.

Anterior Pituitary

Promotes growth of all body tissues

Anterior Pituitary

Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

Anterior Pituitary

Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce cortical hormones; aids in protecting body in stress situations (injury, pain)

Anterior Pituitary

Stimulates milk secretion by mammary glands

Anterior Pituitary

Stimulates growth & hormone activity of ovarian follicles and growth of testes: promotes development of sperm cells

Anterior Pituitary

Causes development of corpus luteum at site of ruptured ovarian follicle in female; sitmulates testosterone secretion in male.

Posterior Pituitary

Also known as vasopressin

Causes kidneys to conserve water by decreasing the amount of urine produces; at high concentration stimulates constriction of blood vessels causing increased blood pressure.

Posterior Pituitary

Uterine contractions; milk ejection from mammary glands

Thyroid

• Growth & Development (physical & Mental)
• Metabolism (increases rate)
• Activity of the nervous system

Parathyroid

• increases calcium in the blood
• regulates phosphorus in the blood.

Adrenal Medulla

• Increases blood pressure & heart rate: activates cells influenced by sympathetic nervous system plus many not affeted by sympathetic nerves.
• Liver releases glocuse for immediate energy
• Fight or Flight

Adrenal cortex

Aids in metabolism of carbohydrates, protiens and fats; active during stress. also exhibits antiinflammatory properties

Adrenal cortex

• Aids in regulating electrolytes and water balance.
• Decreases potassium & Increases sodium in the bloodstream. (Retentions of sodium causes retention of water and causes increase in blood pressure)

Adrenal Cortex

May influence secondary sexual characteristics

Pancreatic islets, B-cells

Transports glucose into cells; cellular metabolism of food especially glucose, decreases blood sugar.

Pancreatic islets A-cells

Stimulates liver to release glucose into cells; increases blood sugar.

Testes

Stimulates growth and development of testes and penis and secondary sexual characteristics (body and facial hair, voice change, stimulates maturation of sperm cells)

Ovaries

Stimulates growth of uterus and tubes and development of secondary sexual organs (breasts) changes in pelvis

Ovaries

Stimulates development of secretory tissue of mammary glands and uterine lining for implantation of fertilized ovum: aids in maintaining pregnancy.

Thymus

Promotes growth of T-cells active for immunity

Pineal

Regulages mood, sexual development, daily cycles in response to the amount of light in the environment.

Spasms as a result of low calcium in the blood.