-
Aspirin
- hypermetabolic state:
- fever
- tachycardia
- hyperpnoea (causing respiratory alkalosis)
- restlessness
- convulsions
- metabolic acidosis.
-
Organophosphates
- Inhibit acetylcholinesterase= parasympathetic/Ach effects
- Hypersalivation, bronchorrhoea, broncho spasms, perspiration, neuromuscular paralysis.
-
Methanol
- A weak acid, causes lactic acidosis and optic neuritis.
- Blindness, pulmonary oedema, metabolic acidosis, shock.
-
Benzodiazepines
Coma, hypotension, hypoventilation, reduced muscle tone and diminished reflexes. Pupils are normal in size.
-
Antipsychotics
Dysphagia, dysphoria, trismus, oculogyric crisis.
-
Iron Tablets
Gastric lavage is a priority.Serum iron is estimated at presentation.Gastrointestinal symptoms are common with:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Abdominal distension
- Symptoms of intestinal haemorrhage.
Perforation of the bowel is expected. Severe hypotension may occur.
-
Iron tablets
- The next stage of poisoning may give the paediatrician a false sense of security when the patient appears to improve. This is the stage of the iron being absorbed and accumulated into the mitochondria.
- Cellular damage occurs and features of hepatic toxicity with a metabolic acidosis and hypoglycaemia develop.
- Severe hepatic necrosis results in jaundice, deranged liver function and clotting abnormalities.
- Treatment = IV desferrioxamine and supportive treatment.
-
Lead poisoning
- pica
- anorexia
- colicky abdominal pain
- irritability
- failure to thrive with pallor from anaemia.
- If severe may present with encephalopathy (drowsiness, convulsions and coma, with papilloedema).
- Treat with chelation (penicillinae or EDTA)
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