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What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
- Maintain homeostasis and a favourable cell environment
- Continuous and controlled flow of blood through capillaries to every cell.
- Deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells
- Remove and transport waste for elimination
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What are the main diseases of the cardiovascular system?
- Hypertension
- Cardiac failure
- Cardiac dysrhythmia
- Angina and lipid disorders
- Thrombosis
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What is the main adrenergic receptor in the CVS? What affect does it have?
- Beta 1 receptors in the heart:
- -increase in rate and force of heart
- -increase in automaticity of av node
- Beta 2 receptors in smooth muscle
- -dilate blood vessels
- Alpha 1 receptors in smooth muscle
- -constrict blood vessels
- Beta 1 receptors in the kidney
- -renin secretion
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What is the overall effect of sympatheic NS on the heart, and what are the pathalogical implications?
- Beta 1 receptors activated
- cAMP levels increase
- Ca2+ ion channel opening
- -> increase in rate and force of heart
- decrease in efficiency of heart
- Hypertension
- Cardiac Failure
- Post myocardial infarction
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What are beta blockers used for? Give examples.
- Angina (reduces cardiac work)
- Hypertension (reduce cardiac output, renin release, SNS activity)
- Post MI (inhibits increase in SNS activity)
- Propanolol- non selective
- Atenolol- cardio selective
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Give an example of an adrenergic agonist, and explain what it is used for.
- Adrenaline activates all adrenergic receptor subtypes.
- Uses:
- Cardiac arrest (increases rate and force of contraction)
- Hypertension (increases peripheral vascular resistance)
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What are ACE inhibitors used to treat?
- Hypertension
- Cardiac failure
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What are Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists used to treat?
- Hypertension
- Cardiac failure
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What are vasodilators used to treat?
- Coronary artery disease
- Hypertension
- Congestive Heart failure
- Coronary artery insufficiency
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Hemostasis
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