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Expressing Existence:
haber
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There was/were
Hubo, había
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there is/are going to be
va a haber
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there has/have to be, there must be
tiene que haber
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when there is/are
cuando haya
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Expressing Changes in States: become, get: ponerse
(to get) most adjectives, such as contento/a, de mal (buen) humor, furioso/a, molesto/a, nervioso/a, serio/a, triste, and so on.
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I became very happy when I read your letter.
Me puse muy contenta cuando leí tu carta.
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Expressing Changes in States: become, get: Use hacerse with
bueno/a, malo/a, rico/a; all professions (abogado/a and so on); religions and political affi liations (católico/a and so on).
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Adela studied a lot and became a professor in three years.
Adela estudió mucho y se hizo profesora en tres años.
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Expressing Changes in States: become, get: Use volverse with
antipático/a (unfriendly), desobediente (disobedient), loco/a.
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Alberto is going to go crazy withall the work that he has.
Alberto va a volverse loco con todo el trabajo que tiene.
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ponerse enojado/a
enojarse
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ponerse delgado/a
adelgazar
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ponerse enfermo/a
enfermarse
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ponerse triste
entristecerse
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Narrating Past Experiences: used to ask and answer a Have you ever . . . ?
PRESENT PERFECT
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Narrating Past Experiences: It has no reference to the specifi c time in the past when an event occurred
PRESENT PERFECT
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Have you ever in your life climbed a mountain?
—¿Has escalado una montaña alguna vez en tu vida?
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—Yes, I’ve climbed many mountains.
—Sí, he escalado muchas montañas.
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Narrating Past Experiences: It describes something you have or have not yet done.
PRESENT PERFECT
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I have never ridden a horse, but tomorrow I am going to learn.
Nunca he montado a caballo, pero mañana voy a aprender.
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Narrating Past Experiences: describes things you used to do or would always do.
The imperfect tense
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As a little girl, I always used to play with my dolls on the patio.
De niña, siempre jugaba con mis muñecas en el patio.
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Narrating Past Experiences: It commonly describes states in the past.
The imperfect tense
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In kindergarten, I was a very curious little girl and was never afraid of anything.
En el kínder, yo era una niña muy curiosa y nunca tenía miedo de nada.
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Narrating Past Experiences: It also describes what someone was doing or what was happening when something else interrupted the action.
The imperfect tense
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I was walking peacefully down the street when I heard the screams.
Caminaba tranquilamente por la calle cuando oí los gritos.
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Narrating Past Experiences: to describe completed events that are isolated in the past.
PRETERITE
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Last night I went to the movies with my friends. We saw a very boring movie. Afterward we ate pizza in an Italian restaurant.
Anoche fui al cine con mis amigos. Vimos una película muy aburrida. Después comimos pizza en un restaurante italiano.
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Narrating Past Experiences: To tell a story or relate past events ,
the preterite forms are most frequently used: fui, comí, salí, bailé, me divertí, dormí, and so on.
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Narrating Past Experiences: usually describe the background or set the stage for the story
Imperfect forms: vivía, jugaba, llovía, hacía calor.
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One night I was waiting ( ) at the bus stop on my way home fromwork. It was raining ( ) very hard, and I was ( ) very tired after a long, diffi cult day at work.
Imperfect; imperfect; imperfect
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Suddenly, I saw ( ) the familiar face of my friend Ralph speed by in a new car. I waved ( ) to him, but he didn’t stop ( ). He sped ( ) on by without even a glance toward me. Th e bus arrived ( ) within a few minutes, and I boarded ( ).
Preterite; preterite; preterite; preterite; preterite; preterite
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I immediately noticed ( ) that the bus was ( ) full and that I had to ( ) stand. Many other people were standing ( ), too. Buses were ( ) always so crowded during rush hour in San Francisco.
Preterite; imperfect; imperfect; imperfect; imperfect
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Finally we arrived ( ) at my stop. I quickly got off ( ) and walked ( ) home. Th e house was ( ) dark, but when I opened ( ) the door about fi fty people, including Ralph, shouted ( ) “Happy Birthday!” It turned out ( ) to be a very good day indeed!
Preterite; preterite; preterite; imperfect; preterite; preterite; preterite
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