Ch 12 Grammar

Expressing Existence:

There is /are

There was/were

there is/are going to be

there has/have to be, there must be

when there is/are

Expressing Changes in States: become, get: ponerse

 I became very happy when I read your letter.

Expressing Changes in States: become, get: Use hacerse with

Adela studied a lot and became a professor in three years.

Expressing Changes in States: become, get: Use volverse with

Alberto is going to go crazy withall the work that he has.

ponerse alegre  

ponerse enojado/a  

ponerse delgado/a  

ponerse gordo/a  

ponerse enfermo/a  

ponerse triste  

Narrating Past Experiences: used to ask and answer a Have you ever . . . ?

Narrating Past Experiences: It has no reference to the specifi c time in the past when an event occurred

Have you ever in your life climbed a mountain?

—Yes, I’ve climbed many mountains.

Narrating Past Experiences: It describes something you have or have not yet done.

I have never ridden a horse, but tomorrow I am going to learn.

Narrating Past Experiences: describes things you used to do or would always do.

As a little girl, I always used to play with my dolls on the patio.

Narrating Past Experiences: It commonly describes states in the past.

In kindergarten, I was a very curious little girl and was never afraid of anything.

Narrating Past Experiences: It also describes what someone was doing or what was happening when something else interrupted the action.

I was walking peacefully down the street when I heard the screams.

Narrating Past Experiences: to describe completed events that are isolated in the past.

Last night I went to the movies with my friends. We saw a very  boring movie. Afterward we ate pizza in an Italian restaurant.

Narrating Past Experiences: To tell a story or relate past events ,

Narrating Past Experiences: usually describe the background or set the stage for the story

One night I was waiting (          ) at the bus stop on my way home fromwork. It was raining (           ) very hard, and I was (            ) very tired after a long, diffi cult day at work.

Suddenly, I saw (           ) the familiar face of my friend Ralph speed by in a new car. I waved (          ) to him, but he didn’t stop (          ). He sped (         ) on by without even a glance toward me. Th e bus arrived (        ) within a few minutes, and I boarded (         ).

I immediately noticed (     ) that the bus was (      ) full and that I had to (      ) stand. Many other people were standing (         ), too. Buses were (          ) always so crowded during rush hour in San Francisco.

Finally we arrived (      ) at my stop. I quickly got off (         ) and walked (          ) home. Th e house was (          ) dark, but when I opened (           ) the door about fi fty people, including Ralph, shouted (         ) “Happy Birthday!” It turned out (              ) to be a very good day indeed!