Chemistry Chapter One Lecture Two

• volume (length* width* height)
• area 
• Mass
• Not very useful because they change depending on the amount of substance you have

• Density
• as the volume increases, the mass increases. They increase in a directly proportional fashion, making the value of density a constant, and, therefore, an intensive physical property.

• burning (oxidative/ reduction reactions) combination of a substance with oxygen
• Rusting
• Baking

• To try to determine the characteristics of a substance. The easiest to measure are the physical properties because you can take a sample and measure the other physical properties.
• The chemical changes are not as easy to identify because, usually, what you begin with is not what you end up with. It changes. 

• Alkali metals (most metallic metals)
• - In terms of reactivity, going down the family, the reactivity increases
• - periodic trend= if thrown into water, they react with water, getting more reactive as you go down.
• - They turn the solution basic. 
• - You will not find the solid metals in nature because they would have already reacted with moisture in the air.

No because it is not an alkali metal. In certain situations, it acts like them because it forms a positive charge. But, it also forms a negative charge.

• Alkaline Earth Metals
• - react a bit, but not as much, with water
• - Some are found in earth, but, for the most part, they would have reacted already

Halogens

• Noble gases
• - not very reactive (inert)
• - some can undergo chemical reactions, but they are very unreactive
• - will not be included in periodic trends due to unreactivity

• Metals (before zig-zag)
• Nonmetals (after zig-zag)
• Semi-metals (zig-zag)

• - ductile and malleable
• - luster (ability to reflect light- shiny in nature)
• - conduct heat/ electricity
• - solids at room temp except mercury and gallium

• hydrogen is included in this
• - in elemental form, some are diatomic 
• ---> instead of single atom present, there are two atoms joined together
• -------> Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Oxygen, Iodine, Chlorine, Bromine
• - No noble gases exist diatomically due to unreactivity, therefore, they are not included

• some are semi-conductors
• - under certain conditions, they conduct electricity

• kilogram
• meter
• liter
• Kelvin
• mole
• candela
• seconds
• ampere

• Mass: amount of matter in an object
• Weight: measures the force with which gravity pulls on an object
• - if on moon, mass won't change, weight will.

• Temperature: avg. kinetic energy associated with the particles
• - kinetic energy also has a mass factor
• ---> the heavier something is, the less kinetic energy it will have at a given temperature
•  
• Heat: amount of thermal energy transferred from one object to another (hotter--> cooler)

• Kelvin: waater freezes at absolute zero 273 K (where no particles moves) and boils at 373 K
• Fahrenheit: freezes at 32^o and boils at 212^o
• Celsius: freezes at 0^o and boils at 100^o

273.15

^oC+ 273.15

(5^oC/9^oC) * (^oF -32^oF)

(9^oF/5^oC) * ^oC + 32^oF