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What part of the cell is in charge of cell division and conrol of genetic information?
Nucleus
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What part of the cell assembles amino acids in protein strands (protien synthesis)?
Ribosomes
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What part of the cell specializes in synthesis and transport of protein and lipid components of cells organelles?
Endoplasmic reticulum
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What part of the cell acts as a refining plant to direct traffic? (protein, polysaccharide molecules)
Golgi Complex
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What part of the cell is the intracellular digestive system?
Lysosomes
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What part of the cell plays a role in cellular energy metabolism and generates the cell's ATP?
Mitochondria
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What is the mechanism by which energy is produced from carbs, fats, and protiens is transferred to ATP?
Oxidative Phosphorylation
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Active transport moves across only living membranes that have two properties. What are they?
- 1) Use energy generated by cellular metabolism
- 2) Have receptors that are capable of recogniazing and binding with substance to be transported.
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Example of active transport?
- Large molecules, along with fluids are trasnported by means of endyocytosis(taking in) and exocytosis(expelling)
- Water and electrically charged molecules are trasnported by protien channels embedded in plasma membrane.
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The movement of solute molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to an area of lesser solute concentration is what?
Diffusion
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The movement of water and solutes through a membrane because of greater pushing pressure on one side of the membrane than the other side is what?
Filtration
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The mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes is what?
Hydrostatic pressure
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The movement of water "down" a concentration gradient, or semipermiable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a lower water concentration is what?
Osmosis
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The amount of hydrostatic pressure required to oppose the osmotic movement of water is called what?
Osmotic pressure
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Describe the Na-K+ pump action?
- Excitable tissues(muscle,nerve) have high concentration of Na+-K+ ATPase
- For every ATP molecule hydrolyzed, three molecules of Na+ are trasnported out of the cells, wheras only two molecules of K+ move into the cell.
- Process leads to electrical potential called electgrogenic, with the inside of the cell more negative than the outside.
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What is a section of plasma membrane that enfolds substances from outside the cell, invaginates (folds inward), and separates from the plasma membrane, forming a vesicle?
Endocytosis
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What is the discharge or secretion of material from the intracellular vesicles at the cell surface?
Exocystosis
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Cell Junctions
1) Desmosomes
hold cells together by forming continuous bands or belts
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Cell Junctions
2) Tight junctions
Barrier to diffusion, prevents movement of substances, prevents leakage of small molecules
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Cell Junctions
3) Gap Junctions
Clusters of communicating tunnels that allow ions/molecules to pass directly from inside one cell to another.
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Plasma membrane receptors determine 2 things. What are they?
- 1) Determine which ligands a cell will bind with
- 2) How the cell will respond to binding with each
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What are three types of plasma membrane receptors?
Please see page 15, table 1-2
- 1) Channel linked - rapid synaptic signals between electrically excitable cells
- 2) Catalytic - function intracellularly as tyrosine-specific protien kinases
- 3) G-protien linked - active or inactive plamsa membrane enzyme or ion channel.
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All the chemical tasks of maintaining essential cellular functions are referred to as what?
Cellular metabolsim
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The energy-using process of metabolism is called what?
Anabolism
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The energy-releasing process is called what?
Catabolism
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