The flashcards below were created by user
shmvii
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transduction def
conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy
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basic path of transduction in sensory system
- stim to
- peripheral nerves to
- higher centers (cortical centers) to
- those centers receivingthe impulses to
- them interpreting the perceptions to
- motor output
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some place you can have sensory problems (the basic pathway)
receptor --> sensory nerve-->dorsal root-->spinal cord-->cortical centers
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how will it present if you hurt the sensory receptor (like by burning it)?
- focal issue
- dermatone otherwise intact
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localization pattern if you hurt a peripheral nerve
the dermatome of the nerve (median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, etc) will go numb
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localization pattern for dermatomal dammage
- (I'm not clear on this)
- "dermatomal - nerve root, cord -- a pattern of sensory loss that's central or peripheral"
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localization pattern for cortical dammage
diffuse, large area, non-dermatomal -- can be an injury in the cortex, subcortex, brainstem
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localization pattern for association cortex
difficulty with sensory interpretation
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"primary sensations" are processed where?
primary somatosensory cortex
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"primary sensation" feelings
superficial-light touch, sharp, dull, deep-proprioception, vibration
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"primary sensations" ar mediated by what paths?
- anterolateral system aka lateral spinothalmic tract
- dorsal column medial lemniscus, esp vasiculus cuneats and vasciculus gracilis
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"cortical (discrimintory) sensations" are processed where?
association cortex
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"cortical (discrimintory) sensations" involve what 4 types of sensation
- 2-point discrimination
- graphesthesia (id-ing writing on yr palm)
- stereognosis (id-ing stuff in yr hand)
- double simultaneous extinction (feeling something only on one side when touched on both)
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sensory exam rules
- expose the part (remove clothing)
- compare bilat
- be systematic
- be "random" (no patterns the pt can predict)
- pt's eyes are closed
- pt responses: y or n (unambiguous)
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5 words for documenting sensory findings
- intact (good)
- absent
- diminished
- inconsistent
- delayed
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paraesthesia
tingling, like ants crawling
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analgesia
unable to distinguish pain (seen in DM - feels something, don't know it's pain)
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hyperaesthesia
excessive sensation (aka complex regional pain syndrome)
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hypoaesthesia
diminished sensation
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anaethesia
absent sensation
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allodynia
non-noxious stim elicits pain
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dorsal column aka medial lemniscus - ways to test it
- light touch (cotton wisp or fingertip)
- vibration (tuning fork)
- position sense (proprioception and kinesthesia)
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proprioceptive sensation def
an awarness of body position and of movements of parts of body. Proprioception tells us location and rate of movement of one body part in rel to others.
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proprioceptive sense informs us of 4:
- degree our muscles are being contracted
- amount of tensing created in tendon
- change of position in joint
- orientation of head rel to ground and in response to movements
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proprioception vs kinesthesia
- prop - where did I move?
- kin - did I move?
kin loss can precede prop loss
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some proprioceptive tests
- move pt's toe up and down
- move pt's limb and have her mimic w other limb
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anterolateral system - what to test to see if it's good
- pin prick for sharp vs dull
- thermal sense
- deep pain (noxious stim)
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cortical/discriminatory tests
- double simultaneous stim
- point localization
- 2 point discrim
- stereognosis
- graphesthesia
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stereognosia is a lesion of...?
contralateral parietal association cortex
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graphagnosia is a lesion of...?
contralateral parietal association cortex
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