What organism is most targeted in cystitis treatment? What is the drug(s) of choice and duration of treatment?
E. coli; Bactrim (3 days); beta-lactams (5-7 days)
What drug has a mechanism of action that involves inihibition of enolpyruvate transferase which inhibits cell wall synthesis, has Gram- coverage, is given in 1 large dose, maintains high concentrations in the urine for 48 hours, and can be used in pregnancy??
Fosfomycin
What organism is most commonly involved in community-acquired pyelonephritis? What is the best oral treatment used and duration of treatment?
E. coli; ciprofloxacin (FQ); 7-10 days (but longer in complicated UTIs)
What organism is most commonly involved in community-acquired pyelonephritis? What is the best IV treatment used?
E. coli; Ciprofloxacin (FQ)
What organism is most commonly involved in hospital-aquired (healthcare-associated) pyelonephritis? What are the best types of treatment to use?
P. aeruginosa; antipseudomonals (cefepime or ceftazadime, piperacillin/tazobactum, ciprofloxacin (FQs), meropenem, imipenem, doripenem (group 2 carbepenems), gentamycin (aminoglycosides))
True or false. Asymptomatic bacteriuria should not be treated unless pregnancy, neonates, UT instrumentation or renal transplants are involved.
True
True or false. Candiduria is always represented as a colonization rather than an active infection.
True
What 3 STDs have genital ulcer conditions?
chancroid
genital herpes
syphilis
What 2 STDs involve urethritis and cervicitis?
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
What is the causative agent for Chancroid?
Haemophilus ducreyi
True or false. Chancroid is characterized by painless ulcers and there is a possibility for co-infection with HSV and syphilis.
False, Chancroid is characterized by painful ulcers and there is a possibility for co-infection with HSV and syphilis.
What is the drug of choice for Chancroid?
Azithromycin in 1 dose
What is the main drug of choice for all stages of Syphilis?
Penicillin
What is the drug of choice for disseminated genital herpes (HSV)? Duration of treatment?
IV acyclovir; 10 days
What is the drug of choice for genital herpes (HSV)? Duration of treatment?
Valcyclovir (acyclovir); 7-10 days
What drug can be used for the treatment of the primary and secondary phases of Syphilis?
Benzathine penicillin in 1 dose
What 3 drugs can be given for treatment of primary or secondary Syphilis if there is a hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin?
doxycycline
ceftriaxone
azithromycin
What is the treatment regimen for the treatment of the latent and tertiary phases of Syphilis?
Benzathine penicillin, or doxycycline, ceftriaxone or azithromycin if there is a hypersensitivity reaction; 3 doses at 1-week interval
What is the treatment regimen for neurosyphilis? What if there are complications to this treatment?
Aqueous crystalline penicillin; IM dose of aqueous crystalline penicillin with Probenecid
What is Jarisch-Herxheimer and how is it treated?
reaction seen soon after Syphilis treatment; inflammatory agents
What is the drug of choice for Chlamydia? What is another drug option and what is the duration of treatment?
Azithromycin in 1 dose; doxycycline for 7 days
What is the drug of choice for uncomplicated Gonorrhea?
ceftriaxone in 1 dose
What is the drug of choice for disseminatedGonorrhea?
IV 3rd generation cephalosporins
True or false. If treating for Gonorrhea, Chlamydia should also be treated.
True
What are the 3 main catergories for Vaginosis?
bacterial
trichomoniasis
candiasis
What is the best treatment for T. vaginalis?
Metronidazole in 1 dose
What are the 5 organisms involved in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
N. gonorrhea
C. trachomatis
Some Gram- organisms
Anaerobes
Streptococcus (maybe)
What is the empiric recommendation(s) for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease IV treatment?
Cefotetan or cefoxitin with doxycycline
Clindamycin with gentamycin
When would you use oral therapy for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?
In mid-moderate disease
After response to initial IV therapy
What are the 2 main organisms involved in epididymitis (via vaginal intercourse)?
C. trachomatis
N. gonorrhea
What are the 2 main organisms involved in epididymitis (via anal intercourse)?
E. coli
P. aeruginosa
What is the best treatmnent for epididymitis (via vaginal intercourse)?
Ceftriaxone with doxycycline
What is the best treatmnent for epididymitis (via anal intercourse)?