the movement of an action potential down the length of an unmyelinated axon
passive condition
the level of depolarization at when an acton potential is initiated
threshold
a receptor protein in the postynaptic membrane in which the recognition site is located in the same structure as the ion channel
Ionic receptor
cells in the nervous system that support the activites of neurons
Glia
a small structure within a cell that carries out a specific function
organelle
the main mass of a neuron containing the nucleus and many organelles
Soma
the largest fiber in the cell cytoskeleton responsible for the transport of neurotransmitter and other products to and from the cell body
microtubule
movement of materials from the cell body of a neuron to the axon terminal along the microtubes.
anterogade transport
movement of a material from the axon terminal back to the cell body via the systems of microtubules
retrogade transport
a neural fiber found in the cell cytoskeleton that is responsible for structural support
neurofilament
the smallest fiber foung in the cytoskeleton that is responsible for structural support
microfliament
the substructure within a cell body that contains the cells dna
nucleus
a substructure within the cell nucleus where robosomes are produced.
nucelolus
an organelle in the cell body involed with protein synthesis
ribosome
the period in which an action potential will not occur in a particular location of an axon regardless of input
absolute refractory period
a glial cell that forms the myelin on axons in the peripheral nervous system
schwan cells
a large, star shaped glial cell of the central nervous system, responsible for structural support isolation of the synapse, control of the extracellular chemical environment of the synapse and possibly communication
astrocyte
a glial cell that forms the myelin on the central nervous system axons
oligodendrocyte
a neuron that has multipple branches usually are axon and numerous dendrites
multipolar neuron
a specialized neuron that translates sensory information into electrical signals.
sensory neuron
a nerve that serves as a bridge between sensory and motor neurons
interneuron
large glial cells including astrocytes oligondedrytes and schwane cells
macroglia
tiny mobile glia cells that migrate to areas of damage and digest debri
microglia
the transmission of a wave through a medium; in neurons its the replication of the action potential down the length of the axon
propagation
an electric signal that can vary in size and shape
graded potential
a synapse in which both the post and presynoptic elements are axons.
axo-axonic synapse
the period following an action potential in which larget than normal input will produce a second action potential but in which normal input will be insufficient
relative refractory period
a chemical within the postsynaptic neuron that is indirectly activated by synaptic activity and interacts with intracellular enzymes or transmitters
second messenger
a receptor in the presynaptic membrane that recaptures released molecules of neurotransmitters in the process of reuptake
transporter
a process for ending the action of neurotransmitters in the synaptic gapin which the presynaptic membrane receptors the transmitters molecules
reuptake
a protein found in the intracellular side of a metabutropic receptor that separates in response to the bonding of neurotransmitter substance and travels to adjacenet areas of the cell to affect ion chemicals or second messages
g protein
a protein structure embeded in the postynaptic membrane containing recognition site and g protein. Neurotransmitters binding to these receptors do not directly open ion channels
metrabotropic receptor
the movement of the electrical charge within a cell in a more negative directions
hyperpolarization
a molecule within a receptor site that bonds to specific chemical messengers
recognition molecule
a special protein structure embedded in neural membrane that responds to chemical messangers
receptor site
receptor site located on the presynaptic about the cells own activity levels
Autoreceptor
a type of synapse on which a neuron directly affetcs in adjecent neuron through the movements of ions from one cell to another
electrical synapse
the process in which vessicles membrane of the axon terminal and release neurotransmitter molecules into synaptic gap
exocytossis
the movement of an electrical charge within a cell in a more positive direction
depolarization
at a synapse between two actions the decrease of neurotransmitter release by the postynaptic axon as a result of the input from the presynaptic axon
presynaptic inhibition
the determination of weather to fire an action potential based on the summation of inputs to a neuron
neural integration
a small hyperpolarization produced in the postsynaptic cell as a result of input of a presynaptic cell
inhibitory postynaptic potential (ISP)
a small depolirization produced in the postsynaptic cell as a result of input from the presynaptic cell
exicatory postsynaptic potential (ESP)
a type of synapse on which the messages are transmitter from one neuron to another by chemical neurotransmitters
chemical synapse
the movement of an action potential from mode of Randier to node of Randier down the length of an ayelinated axon
salatory conduction
neural intergration in which excitation from one active synapse is sufficient to initiate the formation of the action potential
temporal summation
a synapse between two axons. the increase of neurotransmitter release by the postsynaptic axon as a result of inout from a presynaptci axon