Psych Chapter One

The patterns of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the life span.

Advocated during the Middle Ages, the belief that children were born into the world as evil beings and were basically bad.

The idea, proposed by John Locke, that children are like a "blank tablet."

The idea, presented by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, that children are inherently good.

The settings, influenced by historical, economic, social, and cultural factors, in which development occurs.

The bahavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group that are passed on from generation to generation.

Comparisons of one culture with one or more other cultures. These provide information about the degree to which children's development is similar, or universal, across cultures, and to the degree to which it is culture-specific.

A characteristic based on cultural heritage, nationality, race, religion, and language.

Categorization based on a person's occupational, educational, and economic characteristics.

Te characteristics of people as males and females.

True or false: Resilient children are likely to have a close relationship to a caring parent figure and bonds to caring adults outside the family.

A government's course of action designed to promote the welfare of its citizens.

An MFIP study found that when parents went from welfare to a higher paying job, that their children...

Changes in an individual's body.

Changes in an individual's thinking, intelligence, and language.

Changes in an individual's relationships with other people, emotions, and personality.

Explores links between development, cognitive processes, and the brain.

Examines connections between development, socioemotional processes, and the brain.

The time from conception to birth.

The developmental period that extend from birth to about 18 to 24 months.

The developmental period that extends from the end of infancy to about 5 or 6 years of age, soemtimes called the preschool years.

The developmental period that extends from about 6 to 11 years of age, sometimes called the elementary school years.

The developmental period of transition from childhood to early adulthood, entered at approximately 10 to 12 years of age and ending at 18 or 19 years of age.

Debate about whether development is primarily influenced by nature or nurture. The "nature" propoentns claim biological inheritance is the most important issue on development; the "nurture" proponents claim that environmental experiences are the most important.

Questions about whether development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages (discontinuity)

Controversy regarding the degree to which early experiences (especially during infancy) or later experiences are the key determinants of children's development.

This is objective, systematic, and testable.

An approach that can be used to obtain accurate information by carrying out four steps: 1. Conceptualize the problem 2. collect data 3. draw conclusions, and 4. revise research conclusions and theory

An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain and make predictions.

Specific assumptions and predictions that can be tested to determine their accuracy.

Theories that describe development as primarily unconscious and heaevily colored by emotion. Behavior is merely a surface characteristic, and the symbolic workings of the mind have to be analyzed to understand behavior. Early experiences with parents are emphasized.

Description of eight stages of human development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that onfronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.