A and P II

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  1. Modes of action for amino-based acids
    • 1. Hormone (first messenger) binds to receptor
    • 2. Receptor activates G protein
    • 3. G protein activates adenylate cyclase
    • 4. Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cAMP (second messenger)
    • 5. cAMP activates protein kinases
  2. Modes of action for steroids (lipid-soluble hormones)
    • 1. Diffuse into their target cells and bind with intracellular receptors
    • 2. Receptor-hormone complex enters the nucleus
    • 3. Receptor-hormone complex binds to a specific region of DNA
    • 4. This prompts DNA transcription to produce mRNA
    • 5. the mRNA directs protein synthesis
  3. What does thyroid hormone do?
    • increases metabolic rate and heat production
    • maintenance of blood pressure
    • regulation of tissue growth
    • development of skeletal and nervous systems
    • reproductive capabilities
  4. Mode of action for calcitonin
    primary hormone for blood calcium levels
  5. What is aldosterone?
    • most potent mineralocorticoid
    • stimulates sodium reabsorption and water retention by the kidneys
  6. What hormone is secreted by the heart?
    Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
  7. What does erythropoietin do? Where is it made?
    • signal production of RBC's
    • made in kidneys
  8. What are the functions of cortisol?
    • keep blood sugar levels constant
    • maintain blood pressure by increasing the action of vasoconstrictors
  9. What hormones are produced by ovaries?
    estrogen and progesterone
  10. Growth Hormone (GH)
    • stimulates most cells, but targets bone and skeletal muscle
    • promotes protein synthesis and encourages use of fats for fuel
  11. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    • stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids
    • secreted by corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary
  12. Prolactin
    • secreted by lactotrophs of the anterior pituitary
    • stimulates milk production
  13. Oxytocin
    • stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth
    • also triggers milk ejection ("letdown" reflex) in women producing milk
    • plays role in sexual arousal and orgasm in M and F
  14. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
    • Gonadotropin
    • promotes production of gonadal hormones
  15. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    • Gonadotropin
    • stimulates gamete (egg or sperm) production
  16. Another name for adrenal glands?
    suprarenal
  17. Another name for anterior pituitary?
    adenohypophysis
  18. Another name for posterior pituitary?
    neurohypophysis

Card Set Information

Author:
 wssokol
ID:
 171523
Filename:
 A and P II
Updated:
2012-09-17 22:22:58
Tags:
Endocrine
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Description:
Exam One
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