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In radiography we use two basic units
Milliamps and kilovolts
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In radiography what does 1 rad equal
1R=1 rem=1rad
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What type of charge does an electon have
Negative
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What type of charge does a proton have
Positive
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What type of charge does a neutrons have
No charge, or neutral
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What holds the mass of an atom
The nucleus
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What makes up a neutral atom
Having the same number of electons, protons and neutons.
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Isotopes have:
Different number of neutrons and Protons
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Atomic numbers tell you?
How many protons and electons
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where can the atomic number be found on the periodic table?
It is the top number
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The weight of an atom can be found where on the periodic table
It is the bottom number
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when moving K-Q through shells what tends to happen
There is less energy
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Electrons exist only in
Certain shells,
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The further you get away from the nucleus, the more or less energy the electron has
More
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The more complex an atom is, the higher or lower the electron binding energy is for the electron
higher
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How is Ionization produced
Through adding or removing the orbital electron
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What two types of ionizing radiation are considered particulate radiation
Alpha and beta
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What two types of ionizing radiation are electonmagnetic (EM) Radiation?
Xray and Gamma Ray
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Xray and Gamma Rays are called
Photons
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Em radiation travels at the speed of
Light or not at all
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What is a small bundle of energy called
A quantum
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What holds the properties of:
Highly penetrating invisible rays
Electically neutal
Liberate minute amounts of heat passing through matter
Causes a chemical and biological change
A photon
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What is the velocity of an electromagnetic photon?
The speed of light
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What is known as phonton that are continuously in motion
Sine Wave
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What is amplitude
it is the 1/2 the range from crest to valley over which the sine wave varies
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What is Frequency
The rise and fal of the sine wave
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What is wavelength
it is the distance fro one crest to another, or one valley to another
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When the frequency is increased, what happens to the wavelength
It decreases
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Photon energy is deirectly proportional to
the photon frequency
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When the photon has high frequency, it equals higher energy. What does this mean for the x-ray
It is considered a Hard X-ray and is more penetratings
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Longer wavelength equals a lower energy, what does this mean for the x-ray
Soft X-ray, less penetrating. It will not reach the film
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When electromagnetic radiation is emitted for a source, the intensity
Decreases rapidly with the distance from the source
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What is the Inverse square Law
- intensity 1 = distance 22
- intensity2 distance1 2
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A worker receives an exposure of 90 mR per week at a distance of 100 cm. from a radiation source. What will the new weekly exposure be if a worker were able to move to a 300 cm distance?
- Seperate your distance and your MR, and cross place. So your 90 Mr @ a distance of 100 cm would be crossed from one and other while the xmr and 300 would be crossed.
- 90 mr = 300
- x 100
- Now remember everytime you are looking for distance, distance is always squared so now the problem looks like:
- 90 mr=90000
- x =10000
Now cross multiple. So you would multiple your 90mr X 10,000 and the x X 90000.
Resulting in 90000x =900000
Now in order to get the factor of the X, you need to divide out the number attached to the x, so you would divide 900000 by 90000.
Your answer than becomes x=10
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What determines the attenuation
The intensity of the photon and the material it passes through
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When matter absorbs the x-ray, what color does it show up on the film
White
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When Matter is partically absorbed, what is it called
Attenuate or Radiolucent
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