Good MC study guide.txt

48 hours

General thinking

they have all the oocytes that will be available during her reproductive years

Immobile coccyx, history of pelvic fracture or rickets

an average of 50% of the offspring will have and display the dominant trait

identical twins; same sex, develop from a single fertilized ovum; two embryos with own amnion, but common chorion and placenta; if disc does not divide, conjoined twins may form

fraternal; develop from two separate ova fertilized by two separate sperm; two amnions, two chorions, two placentas; tend to repeat in families

1. Determine the first day of last normal period 2. Count backwards three months 3. Add 7 days

growing uterus displaces heart upwards and to the left; blood volume increases to about 45% more to add blood for placenta, needs of expanded maternal tissue, reserve for blood loss at birth; should place pillow under right hip to help relieve compression

Not green leafy vegetables, not olive oil, not fried food; two to three servings per week of fish, egg yolk, red meat, poultry

pelvic joints relax, waddling, instability, balance; DO NOT PICK BACK PAIN FOR ARCH

separate planning classes; denial until late in pregnancy; financial problems, relationship problems, low self esteem;

marginal-within 2-3 cm of cervical opening; partial-partially covers cervical opening; total-completely covers cervical opening; painless vaginal bleeding; risks are infection or hemorrhage; have woman lie on side or pillow under one hip; vitals every 15 minutes, blood loss, give O2; no vaginal exam unless baby is ready to come-will prepare for vaginal and c-section birth

ONLY ONE ANSWER-hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, injury caused by macrosomia (big baby); growth restriction because placenta functions poorly

microcephaly, mental retardation, congenital cataracts, deafness, cardiac defects, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); woman should not get pregnant for one month after immunization; not given during pregnancy since it�s a live virus

that occur more frequently than 2 minutes, last longer than 90 seconds, or have intervals shorter than 90 seconds---these may reduce fetal oxygen supply

thin

open

increment, peak, decrement

diamond shape

triangular shape

minus above ischial spine, 0 at ischial spine, plus below spine

have a pattern of increasingly frequency, duration and intensity; first child-woman goes when contractions have been regular every five minutes for 1 hour; more kids, 10 minutes apart for one hour

Contractions, if she thinks her membranes have ruptured, bleeding other than bloody show (blood+mucus); decreased fetal movement, any other concers

constant pattern and stairstep pattern

childbirth pain is part of normal birthing process, woman has several months to prepare, self-limiting and declines after birth

cause woman to feel vulnerable and seek shelter and help from others; motivates her to assume different body positions which can help descent of fetus

Check every 5 minutes after block is begun and after each reinjection until stable; record fetal heart rate-this and O2 can decrease in baby; full bladder may necessitate catheterization

maternal hypotension (counteracted by 500-1000 ml of Ringer�s solution is infused rapidly before block is begun) and urinary retention (palpate suprapubic area area for a full bladder at least every two hours)

Help with breathing and cold applications

1. Gloved hand pushes fetus upward and off the cord 2. Knee chest uses gravity to shift fetus off pelvis-thighs at right angles to bed with flat chest 3. Hips elevated with two pillows combined with trendelenburg�s position

Walk fingers from side to midline; if fundus is firm and at expected level, no massage is necessary

Massage until firm but do not overmassage and then empty bladder

DVT-dorsiflex the calf

1 week after beginning of menstrual period

these decrease effectiveness: some antibiotics (ampicillin, tetracycline), anticonvulsants, rifampin, barbiturates

induces ovulation; may be used with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG); increases risk of multifetal gestations

Dairy, dark green leafy vegetables, soybean, wheat bread and calcium supplements

avoid caffeine (contribute to insomnia and perspiration), stress worsens hot flashes, stress exacerbates symptoms, hormone replacement, vit E, ginseng other herbs

loud noise will cause infant to symmetrically extend and abduct the arms and then adduct in a hug motion; thumb and index in �c�; one sided may mean fractured clavicle; absence pathological condition of CNS

head falls back when infant is lifted from bed

head turned to one side, arm and leg extended on same side, opposite arm and leg flexed

infant�s head turns in the direction of anything that touches the check

stroke the side of the foot; big toe dorsiflexes and toes will flare out

rate and character of respirations, cyanosis, and general behavior. Sternal retractions are reported immediately

infant loses about 5-10% of weight; 15% for preterm infants; regain birth weight by 10 days of age

swaddling with hand near the mouth, cuddling, rocking, nonnutritive suckling, quiet environment

morphine, fentanyl, topical anesthesia, oral sucrose

straining in the newborn period results from undeveloped abdominal musculature

Skin is transparent and loose; superficial veins under abdomen and scalp, lack of subq fat; fine hair covers forehead, shoulders and arms; lots of vernix; short extremities; few feet sole creases, protruding abdomen, short nails, small genitalia, open labia majora

frequently change position to prevent hypostatic pneumonia and pressure sored

if sunken fontanelles, keep baby flat because too rapid reduction of fluid can lead to seizures or cortical bleeding; if fontanelles are bulging, pit in semi-fowlers to promote drainage of ventricles through the shunt; position in a way that prevents pressure on the operative side

when feeding with a spoon, place spoon in side of mouth; spoon must not touch roof of mouth; no straw; no hot foods; no pacifier

phototherapy-placed in incubator under fluorescent lights; protect eyes; line sides of incubator with aluminum foil or white sheet may increase effectiveness; DC�d when bilirubin goes down to 14 mg/ml

white pinpoint �pimples� caused by the obstruction of sebaceous glands on the nose and chin; disappear after a hew weeks

lesions on the midline of the hard palate of the milia; caused by a collection of epithelial cells

birth weight doubles by age 5-6 months and triples by age of 1 year; average baby weighs 6-9 pounds; 5-10% of birth weight is lost by age 3 or 4 days and regains birth weight by 10-12 days

reposition, get off cord, give O2 and IV

patriarchal in structure; extended families; 1st son inherits family�s worth; eye contact may be rude, do not touch children on the head; yin (dark cold wet) and yang (light, heat and dry); delayed breast feeding because colostrum is considered dirty; delay solid foods up to 18 months; don�t use hand or finger to beckon; don�t praise an infant; parents are more controlling, achievement oriented and more encouraging of independence; value balance and harmony

meat cooked in stew; poultry, pork, fish, dried beans or peas mixed with rice; milk with coffee; variety of fruits, starchy vegetables (plantains, cassava, sweet potatoes), salad; soft drinks

sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years)-reflexes, begins to relate to outside events; concerned with sensations that affect self directly

preoperational stage (age 2-7)-egocentric; thinks everyone sees world as self does

perceptual stage (4-7 years)-capable of some reasoning but can concentrate on only one aspect of a situation at a time

concrete operations (7-11 years)-reasoning is logical but limited to own experience; understands cause and effect)

formal operations (11-16)-acquires ability to develop abstract concepts for self; oriented to problem solving

silence is critical during interactions; strong need to sit quietly before responding; eye contact may be rude; may consider health practitioners to be loud and boisterous; spokesperson may not be decision maker

weighs 13-14 pounds; drooling-appearance of saliva and teething; lifts head and shoulders to look around; turns from back to side; sits with support; begins to reach for objects it sees; coordination between eye and body movements; moves head, arms, and shoulder when excited; extends legs and partly sustains weight when help upright; baby reflexes are no longer present

stirs in crib, sleeps through ordinary household noises

mother�s milk or formula

plays with hand rattle and dangling toys; start putting in playpen where infant can roll

second DTaP, IPV, Hib

1-2 a day, may skip a day

holding infant face down and close to the body while supporting the abdomen and providing gentle rocking motion; abdominal massage

avoid bright lights, move and handle the infant slow and gently; talk in a calm voice; sit the infant upright at intervals; slowly dress and undress infant

new solid foods should be introduced before the milk feedings to encourage the infant to try the new experience. As solid food increases, amount of milk should decrease.

based on infant�s external characteristics and neurological development

done at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth; heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone; reflex response; skin color