PBD Exam 1

This G protein activates AC to decrease cAMP

This G protein inhibits AC to decrease cAMP 

These inactivate cAMP

High levels of cAMP activate _____

This activate PLC 

PLC makes __(1)____ and __(2)___

IP3 releases ___ from storage.  This acitvates ___

Inhibits calcium channels

Activates potassium channels

Activates calcium channels

ACh agonists (2)

Antagonists of nAChRs

Antagonists of mAChRs (2)

What terminates the release of ACh?

What moves ACh from cytoplasm to vesicle?

how is ACh synthesized?

The peak voltage observed during an action potential is determined in large part by the equilibrium potential for sodium. (T/F)

Constitutively open ion channels contribute to the active membrane properties of a cell . T/f?

Enzyme linked receptors have ___ transmembrane spanning regions

When photosensitive cells in the retina (specifically rods) are exposed to bright light, activation of a G protein called Gt ultimately leads to a reduction of cGMP levels in the cytosol.  True//false?

Which is the auto receptor subtype for NE neurons?

PKA can be activated by: (4 choices)

Synonym for parasympathetic system

The superior mesenteric ganglion contains postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Mode of action for thalidomide

Ca is sequestered in the Rough ER

Which signaling is this? 
Signaling molecules are released into the extracellular space, but are rapidly taken up by other cells or destroyed by enzymes. Effect on cells in the local vicinity of the signaling cell

Which signaling molecule? 

allows very specific and very rapid delivery of highly concentrated signaling molecules at large distances from the cell soma

Which signaling molecule? 

allows relatively slow and non-specific delivery at low concentrations via the bloodstream

This binds to nACHr at NMJ and can induce paralysis

These increase the sensity of GABA receptors (2)

Target tissue and effect of vasopression

ACh has two targets and effects

Target, effect of thrombin

What subunit of which receptor activates mAChR to open K channels in heart?

Which effectors have small non polar molecules in the mebrane?

Location and mechanism of Alpha 1 receptors

Location and mechanism of alpha 2

Alpha 2 are found 3 other places

Beta 1. Location? Mechanism?

Beta 2. Location, mechanism?

These two enzymes degrade NE:

These fibers relase ACh onto the adrenal medulla

These cells respond to ACh in the adrenal medulla AND then relase E/ NE in this ration

The adrenal medulla is considered a modified _____

What is the affinity of these agonists for the receptor Alpha 1?   NE, isoprenaline, epinephrine

What is the affinity of these agonists for the receptor Alpha 2? NE, epinephrine, isopenaline

What is the affinity of these agonists for the receptor Alpha 1?   NE, isoprenaline, epinephrine

What is the affinity of these agonists for the receptor Beta 1?   NE, isoprenaline, epinephrine

Name 4 neuropeptides that have significant roles in ANS function

This sytem produces simple refelx arcs

Most ANS functions are ultimatley regulated by the ______

Cardiovascular reflexes are regulated in the _____

Complicated reflex arcs for breathing, sneezing, etc, are located in the ______

Neuron of the ________ are essentially postganglionic parasympathetic neurons.