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The autostimulation theory suggests that restless sleep
offers intense stimulation to the central nervous system
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A mother gently strokes her infant's forehead each time she settles down to nurse the baby. Soon the mother notices that every time the baby's forhead is stroked, he makes active sucking movements. He has been classically conditioned. The conditioned stimulus is the:
forehead stroking
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The reflex that might have helped infancts cling to their mothers in human evolutionary past is called the
moro reflex
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Caregivers typically _____ when their babies imitate facial gestures and actions.
take great pleasure
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The proximodistal trend of motor development would predict that infants cannot
control their fingers before their arms
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Operant conditioning is usually used to explain ______ responses.
voluntary
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What kinds of patterns do newborns prefer?
large, bold patterns
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What statement might someone make who is objectionable to individuals favoring the sensitive period position?
early deprivation does not have lasting consequences
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Which sense is the least well developed in the neonate?
vision
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What are the practical implications of the differences in developmental rates between species?
species that have longer developmental periods require longer periods of dependency
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According to the "Milestones" chart in the text, the gross motor skill of dribbling with relaxed, continuous, even stroking is achieved in the age range of:
7-12 years
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Which hormone is responsible for central nervous system development and body growth?
thyroxin
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A distance curve:
shows typical yearly progress toward mature body size
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Cells responsible for myelinization of neural fibers defines:
glial cells
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Boys reach the peak of their height spurt at about age:
14
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In Piaget's theory, _____ accounts for changes in schemes.
assimilation and organization
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During the process of lateralization, spatial abilities in most individuals become localized in the:
right hemisphere
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What are true statements about Piaget's theory of stages?
- each stage groups together similar changes in many schemes that occur during the same period
- stage sequences are invariant
- stage sequences are universal
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When Jimmie repeatedly drops objects from a high chair and then looks at his parent, he is displaying:
secondary circular reaction
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Transitive inference is defined as:
the ability to seriate mentally
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______ is a type of reasoning in which adolescents evaluate the logic of verbal statements without inferring to real-world circumstances.
propositional thought
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Intersubjectivity reminds us that
children and adults jointly manage shared endeavors
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As Piaget uses the term, egocentrism refers to the
lack of awareness of another's viewpoint
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Reciprocal teaching occurs when
a teacher and two to four pupils form a collaborative learning group
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According to behaviorists, what is a true about soothing a baby's cry?
consistently responding to the baby's cries is adaptive and therefore good
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The cephalocaudal trend would predict that infants can
control their necks before they can control their backs
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What are some infant states of arousal?
- regular sleep
- waking activity
- drowsiness
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A growth curve that plots the average amount of growth at each yearly interval for a sample of children defines the term:
velocity curve
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Over the past century, secular trends in physical growth have shown children in industrialized nations to be taller and heavier than their parents and grandparents were as children. According to the text, what do biologists believe the cause of this to be?
improved nutrition and health
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People with bulimia
recognize they have a problem
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