Thorax part 14.txt

  1. Parietal pleura is sensitive to
    pain, temp, touch, and pressure
  2. Nerve supply of parietal pleura
    lower intercostal nerve, phrenic nerve, and
  3. Nerve supply of visceral pleura
    ANS from pulmonary plexus
  4. Visceral pleura is sensitive to
    stretch
  5. Pleural space
    potential space between visceral and parietal pleura that contains a lubricating fluid
  6. What happens when pleural space is filled with air or fluid?
    work of breathing increases
  7. Hydrothorax
    accumulation of fluid withint hte pleural cavity (pleural effusion)
  8. Thoracentesis
    Procedure to remove hydrothorax (therapeutic or diagnostic)
  9. Empyema
    Pus in pleural cavity
  10. Hemothorax
    Blood in pleural cavity
  11. Which injured vessels/structures cause a hemothorax?
    thoracocromial artery, lateral thoracic artery, intercostal vessels, internal thoracic artery, mediastinal great vessels, heart and lungs, and abdominal structures
  12. Pleurodesis
    Pleural poudrage; chemically and physically causing the parietal and visceral layers of pleura to stick together (uses talc)
  13. Pleurisy
    inflammation of the pleura causing pain with respiration; can hear pleural friction rub (can be viral)
  14. Pleural adhesions
    results from pleurisy; caused with pneumonia when the pleural surfaces can get coateed with inflammatory exudate causing the surfaces to become roughened;
  15. How are pleural adhesions formed?
    invaded by fibroblasts which lay down collagen and bind visceral pleura to the parietal pleura
  16. pneumothorax
    entry of air into the pleural cavity
  17. How does penumothroax occur?
    spontaneous (from rupture of a bleb) or secondary to trauma
  18. Types of pneumothorax
    open, closed, tension
  19. Open pneumothorax
    Open connection between pleural cavity and outside world (air moves in and out with inspiration and expiration); lung collapses due to lack of negative pressure
  20. Closed pneumothorax
    Fixed amount of air in pleural cavity which does not increase or decrease with inspiration or expiration; lung cannot fully expand due to physical space air takes up in cavity and air in pleural cavity will be reabsorbed
  21. Tension pneumothorax
    "one-way valve" - air enters pleural cavity during inspiration but is unable to exit during expiration; creates a flap that opens with inspiration
  22. What does tension pneumothorax cause?
    Rapid lung collapse, hypoxia, and shock due to rapid compression of great veins
  23. Why is a tension pneumothorax so bad?
    Contiual leak deviates the mediastinum to the contralateral side, needs immediate decompression by a chest tube
  24. Tube thoracostomy
    Procedure done in parents with tension pneumothorax or to drain fluid away from the pleural cavity to allow the lung to re-expand
  25. Where is tube thoracostomy insertion site?
    4th or 5th intercostal space at the anterior axillary line
  26. How is a tube thoracostomy done?
    Tube is inserted through a small incision after infiltration of area with local anesthesia, kelly tube is inserted into skin incision and angled over the rib to pierce it through the parietal pleura, insert gloved finger to verify position, insert chest tube with the aid of the Kelly clamp, attach tube to suction unit and suture in on patient
Author
Anonymous
ID
172425
Card Set
Thorax part 14.txt
Description
Pleura
Updated