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A&P 1 Chapter 1.txt
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Hypothesis
Idea or principle to be tested in experiments
Experiment
Series of tests of a hypothesis; a controlled experiment eliminates biases or outside influences
Theory
A hypothesis that has been proved by experiments to have a high degree of confidence
Law
A theory that has a unusually high level of confidence
Anatomy
Science of the normal structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts
Gross Anatomy
Study of the body and its parts using only the naked eye
Microscopic Anatomy (Histology)
The study of the body parts using a microscope
Cytology
The study of cells
Histology
The study of tissues
Developmental anatomy
Study of human growth and development
Pathological anatomy
Study of diseased body structures
Systemic anatomy
Study of the body by systems
Physiology
Science of the normal functions of organisms
Autopoiesis
Living organisms are self-organized and self maintaining
Cell Theory
If it is made of one ore more cells, it is alive
Characteristics of Life
Responsiveness
Conductivity
Growth
Respiration
Digestion
Absorption
Secretion
Excretion
Circulation
Reproduction
Metabolism
Sum of all physical and chemical reactions occurring in the living body
Level of Organization
Chemical
Organelle
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
What allows the cell to live?
The organelles
Cells
The smallest and most numerous units that possess and exhibit characteristics of life
Tissue
An organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body in the anatomical position
Contralateral
Structures on opposite sides of the body in anatomical position
Ventral Body Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Pleural Cavities
Mediastinum
Dorsal Body Cavity
Cranial Cavity
Spinal Cavity
Axial region
Head, Neck
Torso
Appendicular Region
Upper and Lower extremities
Abdominal Regions
Right hypocondriac
epigastric
left hypochondriac
right lumbar
umbilical
left lumbar
right iliac
hypogastric
left iliac
Endomorphe
Heavy, rounded physique with accumulation of fat
Apple-shaped- more fat in wais than hip
Pear-shaped- more fat in hips than waist
Mesomorph
Muscular physique
Ectomorph
Very thin with little fat
Homeostasis
The relative constant states maintained by the body- internal environment around body cells remain constant
Examples of Homeostasis
Temperature regulation
Regulation of blood CO2
Regulation of blood glucose
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
Sensor Mechanism
Integrating or control centers
Effector Mechanism
Feedback
Sensor Mechanism
Specific sensors detect and react to any changes from normal
Integrating or control centers
Information is analyzed and integrated and then if needed a specific action is initiated
Effector Mechanism
Effectors directly influence controlled physiological variables
Feedback
Process of information about a variable constantly flowing back from the sensor to the integrator
Negative Feedback
Inhibitory
Stabilize physiological variables
Produce and action to change that activated system
Responsible for maintaining homeostasis
Positive Feedback
Stimulatory
Amplify or reinforce a change that is occurring
Tend to disrupt homeostasis
Ex
: Uterine contractions or sneezing
Intracellular control
Regulates within the cells
Intrinsic controls
Regulates within tissues or organs
May involve chemical signals
Extrinsic controls
Regulation from organ to organ
May involve nerve signals
May involve endocrine signals
Atrophy
Term used to describe wasting effects of advanced aging.
Author
janelleortiz
ID
173679
Card Set
A&P 1 Chapter 1.txt
Description
A&P1 Organization of the Body
Updated
9/26/2012, 9:48:17 PM
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