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Can owners make their dog's bad behavior worse?
yes
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What do most canine behavior problems result in?
death of the dog
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Are most canine behavior problems preventable?
yes
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Does canine behavior treatment require cooperation from the owner?
yes
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Can adding another dog to the household fix most behavior problems? Why or why not?
no, usually make it worse because dogs learn from each other, now you have 2 dogs with the behavior problem
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multiple dogs = _____.
multiple problems
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When getting information from a client about a behavior problem, what do you need to find out?
- what is going on with the dog
- are there other animals in the house
- identify the problem
- identify stimulus
- must see the dog interacting with the owner
- WWWWH
- what has the owner done to try and correct the problem
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What does WWWWH stand for?
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What does BIP stand for?
behavior modification plan
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What does the client need to understand before creating a BMP?
- we need to understand the client's preception of the dog's behavior
- client needs to understand why the behavior is incorrect
- we need to see how the client is rewarding the behavior and the process of extinction
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Why do we do a physical exam on a dog with a behavior problem?
make sure the behavior is not due to a disease
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What kind of behavior problems do we see in dogs (there are 12).
- destructive behavior
- barking
- escaping
- roaming
- phobias
- jumping up
- unable to housebreak
- car chasing
- unruliness/excitability
- submissive behavior
- compulsive behavior
- pica
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What are some reasons why dogs bark?
- alarm bark
- play bark
- separation anxiety
- response to stimulus
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What type of barking do people usually like?
alarm bark
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How do we train a dog to "alarm bark"?
reward the dog when they bark due to a noise outside, then distract them to make them stop after they bark once or twice to prevent them from barking over and over again
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What are some collars we can use to control barking?
- ABS (citronella) collar
- shock collar
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When do dogs usually bark?
when owners are away
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Because most dogs bark when the owners away, how do we train them to stop?
- leave for short periods of time and reward dog when they are quiet
- gradually increase the time away
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Do we usually use drugs to correct barking?
not usually
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Can you surgically fix a dog to not bark?
yes, but usually the last resort and some vets will not do it
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Are clients always happy when they get their dog surgically debarked? Why or why not?
- no
- dog still makes a hoarse noise and sometimes the vocal cords will even grow back
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When a dog is using the bathroom in the house, what do we need to figure out?
- is it a housebreaking issue?
- is it a medical problem?
- is it separation anxiety?
- is it make marking behavior?
- is it dominance behavior?
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If a dog is using the bathroom in the house due to separation anxiety, what else will the dog be doing?
barking and destroying things
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How do we train a male dog not to mark things?
- correct behavior as soon as dog raises his leg, before he urinates
- use odor neutralizers
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Should clients who get a new dog who is an adult dog be given housebreaking instructions even though they were housebroken in their previous home?
yes, sometimes a dog can be housebroken in one environment and not in another
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What does the client usually do with the dog if they are unable to housebreak it?
turn it loose or give it away
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When does submissive urinating usually start?
when they are still a puppy
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When does a dog usually exhibit submissive urinating?
when greeting someone
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Does a dog usually outgrow submissive urinating?
yes
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How do we treat submissive urinating?
- ignore the behavior and dog right when you greet them
- avoid dominant gestures
- distract the dog
- don't get excited and stay calm around the dog
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How can we avoid dominant gestrues to treat submissive urinating?
- don't leave over puppy
- crouch down to dogs level
- use a higher pitched voice when talking to the dog
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When does destructive behavior usually happen?
when the owner is gone
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What are some destructive behaviors that dogs do?
- chewing
- digging
- knocking over objects
- in trash
- poop in owner's place (example - in the owner's bed)
- stealing
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What are some causes of destructive behavior?
- lack of training
- boredom
- separation anxiety
- barrier frustration
- overabundence of energy
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What does the treatment of destructive behavior depend on?
- age
- cause
- place (where is it happening)
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What are some ways to treat destructive behavior?
- keep dog away from your stuff
- don't leave dog unattended
- obedience training
- interact with dog
- make sure dog gets exercised
- planned departures (boarding dog, doggie daycare)
- reward dog when being good
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How much interaction should the dog have with its owner a day?
at least 15 minutes a day
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What are some reasons why a dog will exhibit a digging behavior?
- to escape
- boredom
- tension relief
- cooling holes
- nesting
- to get a prey
- allelomimetic
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What is a cooling hole?
dog digs a hole in the ground to lay in and stay cool
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What is nesting?
pregnant female digs a hole to have her puppies
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What is allelomimetic?
mimicking another dog or mimicking the owner
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What are some ways to stop a dog from digging?
- bring dog inside
- actively interact with the dog
- don't leave dog unattended in yard
- limit access to places the dog wants to dig
- provide environmental stimulation
- remote punishment
- put food/water where digging
- place large rocks in holes
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What are some environmental stimulations we can provide for the dog to prevent digging?
interactive toys in the yard
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What does "attention getting behavior" often resemble? Why?
- a disease
- a dog will often mimick a previous disease to get attention (example - limping or coughing) because they got lots of attention when they were sick and still want that same attention
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When an owner reacts to attention getting behavior, what are they really doing?
rewarding the behavior becuase the dog wants to get a reaction out of you and that is their reward
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What are some attention getting behaviors?
- vomiting
- anorexia
- coughing
- lameness
- nosing
- barking
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Which types of dogs exhibit attnetion getting behavior?
- a dog that gets a lot of attention at home
- multidog households
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How do we correct attention getting behavior?
- must convince owner there is no medical problem
- stop all reinforcement (ignore)
- reward when dog is not showing the behavior
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Is a dog with excessive activity breed specific?
yes
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Which age dog is excessive activity most common in?
puppies
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What is hyperkinesis?
a dog who is medically hyperactive (like a child with ADHD)
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What is the treatment plan for a dog with excessive activity?
- ignore the dog when active
- provide regular exercise
- actively interact daily
- correct when behavior starts
- reward when quiet
- accept the behavior (the dog may never be laid back)
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How do you ignore a dog?
- no eye contact
- no touching the dog
- no talking to the dog
- turn away or look up as soon as behavior starts
- reward when all 4 feet are on the ground (dog will start to jump when rewarded, ignore again)
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Is hyperkinesis common?
no very rare
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What age can we diagnose hyperkinesis?
only adult dogs
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How do we test for hyperkinesis?
- put dog in a quiet room
- check HR and RR
- give dexedrine
- recheck rates
- if the rates are lower than before, then the dog will need to be on dexedrine for life
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What is dexedrine suppose to do in a normal dog (a dog that is not hyperkinetic)?
increase HR and RR, so if it lowers the HR and RR then the dog is hyperkinetic
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What are some things a dog will do to try and escape?
- pushes open door/window
- digs out of yard
- climbs fence
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Every successful escape _____ the behavior.
reinforces
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What are some reasons why a dog will try an escape?
- female in heat
- male seeking female in heat
- boredom
- barrier frustration
- seeks something on the outside (food, companions, prey)
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How can we treat escaping behavior?
- escape proof enclosure
- provide dog with yard activity
- reward when good
- routinely remove dog from enclosure for training of play
- remote punishment (hot wire)
- neutering
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What are some reasons why a dog will roam?
- to mate
- find food or prey
- social activity
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Why does a dog think its okay to roam away from home?
because dogs are decendents of wolves and their "home range" area is a few square miles, so a dog will roam within that area
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What are some ways to correct roaming behavior?
- neuter/spay
- remote punishment
- reinforce not roaming by fasting the dog, then going outside and giving it rewards at different times, this will cause the dog to not want to leave the yard because it never knows when you will come out with a treat and wants to be there when you do
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What is an invisible fence?
fence underground to keep dog in yard
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What are some different types of invisible fences?
-
Does a dog need to be trained to stay in an invisible fence?
yes, it will get shocked, hear a sound, or sprayed with citronella when crossing the barrier, eventually the dog learns the barrier and will not cross it
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What are some disadvantages to having an invisible fence?
- other animals or people may enter the yard and the dog will not be able to get away
- the dog may be motivated to get across the fence but then will not come back across
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What are some reasons why a dog will chase things (people, animals, cars)
- barrier frustration
- territorial defence
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Is chasing self reinforcing?
yes, when the dog chases something, it will run away and that is what the dog wants it to do
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What does chasing often result in?
hit by car
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How can we correct a dog who is chasing things?
- remove stimulus
- change environment (put dog in backyard instead of front yard and vice versa)
- turn attractive stimulus into an aversive one (make dog scared of chasing the car)
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Are anxieties normal behaviors?
yes
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Are fears normal behaviors?
yes
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Are phobias normal behaviors?
no
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What is anxiety?
anticipation of danger from unknown
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What is fear?
consciously recognized external threat
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What is a phobia?
persistent, excessive, irrational fear
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What are some anxiety signs in dogs?
- ears back
- panting
- licking lips
- trembling
- yawning
- pacing
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What are some signs of fear in a dog?
- tail tucked
- avoidance
- crying
- shaking
- escaping
- aggression
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What are some signs of a phobia in a dog?
- overreaction resulting in injury and destruction
- often results in injuring themselves
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Anxiety can lead to _____.
fear
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Fear can lead to _____.
phobia
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What usually causes an animal to have anxiety, fear, or phobias?
- usually learned from a traumatic event
- restricted early experiences (not being socialized enough)
- genetic predisposition
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What are the results of anxietys, fears, or phobias?
- injury to dog
- damage to property
- upset owners
- owner-pet bond damaged
- rehoming
- euthanasia
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What is separation anxiety?
a fear of being left alone
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What is the second most common reasons a dog is referred to a behavioral specialist?
separation anxiety
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What can cause separation anxiety?
- SPCA or boarding kennel
- being with the dog for a long period of time and then leaving it
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What are some early signs of a dog having separation anxiety?
predeparture cues (panting, pacing, whining)
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What are the most frequent signs of separation anxiety in a dog?
- barking
- destructive behavior
- elemination in the house
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Does having a second dog fix separation anxiety?
no
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What kind of therapies can we provide a dog with separation anxiety?
- provide novel stimulus
- give interactive toy on departure
- avoid emotional leavings/returns
- board while at work or take dog with you
- take dog to a sitter
- may need meds in beginning
- crate may help, but not a cure
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What are some different types of phobias?
- thunder
- loud noises
- cars
- vet clinics
- children
- certain people, uniforms, etc
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When does a thunderstorm phobia occur?
may occur gradually or immediately during a violent storm
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Which breeds of dog are most affected by thunderstorm phobias?
herding dogs
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What are some signs the dog will exhibit with a thunderstorm phobia?
- panting, shaking, dilated pupils, salivation, loss of bladder or bowel control
- attention seeking behavior
- extreme escape behavior, frantic barking, destruction
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How do we treat fears?
- don't reward fear behavior
- identify stimulus
- desensitization
- counter-conditioning
- drug therapy
- Adaptil
- anxiety wrap
- classical conditioning
- melatonin added to food
- storm defender cape, thunder shirt
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Are compulsive behaviors actual brain disorders?
yes, chemical imbalances
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What is a complusive disorder?
repetitive, ritualistic behavior in excess of those required for normal function
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What age do we usually first see compulsive disorder?
2 - 4 years old
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What are some examples of compulsive disorder?
- flank sucking
- tail chasing
- fly biting
- pacing
- pica
- lick granulomas
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What do we need to differentiate compulsive disorder from?
- boredom
- attention seeking
- anxiety
- disease
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If the dog is exhibiting signs of compulsive disorder, but it is really form boredom, what should we do?
increase exercise and interaction with people
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If the dog is exhibiting signs of compulsive disorder, but it is really attention seeking behavior, what should we do?
stop reinforcement of behavior
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If the dog is exhibiting signs of compulsive disorder, but it is really anxiety, what should we do?
counter-conditioning or habituation
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If the dog is exhibiting signs of compulsive disorder, but it is really a disease, what should we do?
- figure out the disease
- treat
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What are the different kinds of treatment to treat compulsive disorder?
drug therapy for life
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What is coprophagy?
eating feces
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How do we treat a dog with coprophagy?
- separate dog from feces
- use copro-aid or for-bid
- put noxious stuff on feces (example - hot sauce)
- treat with pancreatic enzymes
- inject with apomorphine after act - will cause them to be nauseous and then they will relate that to eating the poop
- decrease carbohydrates in diet
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How do we use pancreatic enzymes to treat coprophagy?
put the pancreatic enzyme in the food of the dog who's poop is being eaten
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What kind of problems do we see in dogs older than 9?
- separation anxiety (30%)
- aggression to people (26%)
- house soiling (23%)
- phobias (19%)
- cognitive dysfunction (7%)
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What are the symptoms of cognitive dysfunction?
- disorientation
- sleep - wake cycle changes
- decreased activity
- housebreaking errors
- attitude change towards family
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We must see at least _____ symptoms to be able to call it cognitive dysfunction.
3
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What do we need to rule out first before diagnosing cognitive dysfunction?
medical problems
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What is the therapy for cognitive dysfunction?
- Anipryl
- canine b/d (brain diet)
- psychological enrichment
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What is Anipryl? Whenn should we start seeing improvement?
- drug that increases dopamine
- expect improvement in 2 weeks after starting treatment
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