General Psychology Test 2

A form of learning in which reflex responses are associated with new stimuli.

A stimulus innately capable of eliciting a response.

An innate reflex response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus.

A stimulus that does not evoke a response.

A stimulus that evokes a response because it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

A learned response elicited by a conditioned stimulus.

An emotional response that has been linked to a previously nonemotional stimulus by classical conditioning.

Many studies of operate conditioning in animals make use of an operate conditioning chamber.

Through operate extinction, learned responses that are not reinforced fade away gradually.

The gradually molding responses to a final desired pattern.

Any relatively permanent change in behavior that can be attributed to experience.

The formation of simple associations between various stimuli and responses.

Any event that increases the probability that a particular response will occur.

The period in conditioning during which a response is reinforced.

The weakening of a conditioned response through removal of reinforcement.

The tendency to response to stimuli similar to, but not identical to, a conditioned stimulus.

The learned ability to respond differently to similar stimuli.

A verbal or written anwser.

The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction.

An innate, automatic response to a stimulus; for example, an eye blink.

Occurs when a response is followed by a reward or other positive event.

Occurs when a response is followed by an end to discomfort by the removal of an unpleasant event.

Punishment refers to following a response with aversive (unpleasent) consequence.

A schedule in which every correct reponse is followed by a reinforcer.

A pattern in which only a portion of all responses are reinforced.

A set of number of correct responses must be made to get a reinforcer. For example, a reinforcer is given for every four correct responses.

A reinforcer is given only when a correct response is made after a set amount of time has passed since the last reinforced response. Responses made during the time inveral are not reinforced.

A varied number of correct responses must be made to get a reinforcer. For example, a reinforcer is given after three to seven correct responses; the actual number changes randomly.

A reinforcer is given for the first correct response made after a varied amount of time has passed since the last reinforced response. Responses made during the time interval are not reinforced.

Nonlearned reinforcers; usually those that satisfy physiological needs.

A learned reinforcers; often one that gains reinforcing properties by association with a primary reinforcer.

A tangible secondary reinforcer such as money, gold stars, poker chips, and the like.

A major advantage of tokens is that they don't lose reinforcing vaule as quickly as primary reinforcers do. Tokens greatly reduce discipline problems with younger childern.

Feedback is most effective when it is frequent, immediate, and detailed.

Learning based on insight and understanding.

Any event that follows a response and decreases its likelihood of occuring again.

Removal of a positive reinforcer after a response is made.

Negative event begins. Escape & Avoidance and Aggression.

A behavior that is repeated because it appears to produce reinforcement, even though it is actually unnecessary.

Escape learning simply reflects the operation of negative reinforcement.

Avoidance learning appears to involve both classical and operant conditioning. Once Avoidance is learned, it is very persitent.