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Larynx
Location of vocal cords, also called the voice box.
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Mediastinum
Space between the lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures.
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atel / o
imperfect, incomplete
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spir/o
breathe, breathing
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-ar, -ary, -eal
pertaining to
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-cele
hernia or protrusion
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-centesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid
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-pexy
surgical fixation, suspension
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-stenosis
constriction or narrowing
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atelectasis
incomplete expansion (of lung or portion of the lung)
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bronchiectasis
dilation of the bronchi
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bronchogenic carcinoma
cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus
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diaphragmatocele
hernia of the diaphragm
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pansinusitis
inflammation of all sinuses
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pneumatocele
hernia of the lung
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pyothorax
pus in the chest
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rhinitis
inflammation of the nose
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thoracalgia
pain in the chest
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tonsilitis
inflammation of the tonsils
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tracheitis
inflammation of the trachea
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acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury. Symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis.
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COPDthat restricts air flow, which makesCor Pulmonale breathing difficult.
a progressive lung disease Serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysema.
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Croup
Condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. It may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body.
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Deviated Septum
One part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation of injury of the nasal septum.
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Emphysema
Stretching of lung tissue caused by the alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity.
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Influenza
Highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus ( FLU )
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Legionnaire Disease
A lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila
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Pertussis
Highly contagious bacterial infection of the resp. tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop.
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Pleural Effusion
Fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma.
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Tuberculosis ( TB )
An infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecing the lungs.
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Laryngostomy
Creation of an artificial opening into the larynx.
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Pleuropexy
Surgical fixation of the pleura
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Rhinoplasty
Surgical repair of the nose
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Thoracocentesis
Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity.
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Capnometer
Instrument used to measure CO2 levels
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Oximeter
Instrument used to measure O2 saturation in the blood
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Spirometer
Instrument used to measure breathing
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CT Scan
Computerized images of the chest created in sections sliced from front to back. Performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion. CT is used to visualize other body parts such as the abdomen and the brain.
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Chest Radiograph ( CXR )
A radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart.
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Ventiliation-Perfusion Scanning
A nuclear medicine procedure performed to diagnose a pulmonary embolism and other conditions.
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Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear (AFB)
A test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause TB
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Arterial Blood Gases
A test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of O2, CO2, and other gases present
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Peak Flow Meter
A portable instrument used to measue how fast air can be pushed out of the lung; used to help monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly.
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Pulmonary Function Tests
A group of tests performed to measure breathing and used to determine respiratory function; when abnormal, they are useful in distinguishing COPD from asthma.
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Auscultation
The act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope.
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Acapnia
Condition of less than normal CO2 levels in the blood.
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Aphonia
Condition of absence of voice
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Dysphonia
Condition of difficult speaking.
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Hypercapnia
Condition of high CO2 levels in the blood
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Hypopnea
Deficient breathing
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Hypoxemia
Condition of deficient oxygen in the blood.
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Hypoxia
Condition of deficient oxygen to the tissues.
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ABG's
Arterial blood gases
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CT
computerized tomography
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LTB
Laryngotracheobronchitis
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OSA
Obsturctive Sleep Apnea
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PFT
Pulmonary Function Tests
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URI
Upper Resp. Infection
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VPS
Ventillation-Perfusion Scanning
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BiPAP
Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure
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CPAP
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
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HME
Heat / Moisture Exchanger
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IPPB
Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing
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NPPV
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilator
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PEP
Positive Expiratory Pressure
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SVN
Small-Volume Nebulizer
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VAP
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
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The right atrium receives blood ....
returning from the body through the veins.
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The left atrium receives blood ....
from the lungs
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The left ventricle pumps blood ...
through the arteries from the heart back to the body tissue.
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The right ventricle pumps blood ...
to the lungs
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The atrial septum separates the ...
atria
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Epicardium
Covers the heart
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Myocardium
middle, thick, muscular layer
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Endocardium
Inner lining of the heart
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Aorta
The largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen.
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All veins, with the exception of the pulmonary veins..
carry blood containing CO2 and other waste products.
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Venae Cavae
Largest veins in the body. The inferior vena cava carries blood tothe heart from the body parts below the diaphragm.
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Plasma is approx what % of total blood volume.
90
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White Blood Cells or Leukocytes come in 5 types, what are they?
- 1. Neutrophil
- 2. Eosinophil
- 3. Basophil
- 4. Lymphocyte
- 5. Monocyte
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arther/o
yellowish, fatty plaque
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isch/o
deficiency, blockage
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-graph
instrument used to record
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-penia
abnormal reduction in number
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Angioma
Tumor composed of blood vessels
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Angiostenosis
Narrowing of a blood vessel
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Aortic Stenosis
Narrowing, pertaining to aorta
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Athersclerosis
hardening of fatty plaque
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Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the heart
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Cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle
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Endocarditis
Inflammation of the muscle of the heart
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Phelbitis
Inflammation of a vein
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Polyarteritis
Inflammation of many arteries.
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Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein associated with clot.
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Valvulitis
Inflammation of a valve
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Multiple Myeloma
Tumors of bone marrow
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Pancytopenia
Abnormal reduction of all cells
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Thrombosis
Abnormal condition of a blood clot
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Lymphadenitis
Inflammation of the lymph nodes
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Lymphoma
Tumor of lymphatic tissue
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Splenomegaly
Enlargement of the spleen
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Thymoma
Tumor of the thymus gland
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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
sudden insignificant blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction
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Aneurysm
Ballooning of a weeakened portion of an arterial wall.
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Angina Pectoris
Chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.
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Arrhythmia
Any disturbance or abnormality in the hearts normal rhythmic pattern
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Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
Chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria. PAF and CAF
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Cardiac Arrest
Sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires CPR
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Cardiac Tamponade
Acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
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Coarctation of the Aorta
Congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta.
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Congenital Heart Disease
Hear abnormality present at birth.
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Coronary Occlusion
Obstruction of an artery of the heart, usually from atherosclerosis. Coronary occlusion can lead to acute myocardial infarction.
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Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the ody. Most often occurs in the lower extremeties. A clot can break off and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.
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Intermittent Caludication
Pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walkingl a condition seen in peripheral arterial disease.
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Mitral Valve Stenosis
A narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever.
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Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Necrosis of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease
Damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever.
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Varicose Veins
Distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremeties.
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Anemia
Reduction in the number of red blood cells.
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Embolus
Blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation.
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Hemophilia
Inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII
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Leukemia
Malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal white blood cells formed in the bone marrow.
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Sepsis
A condition in which pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria, enter the bloodstream, causing a systemic inflammatory response to the infection.
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Hodgkin Disease
Malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lympg nodes, usually beginning in the cervical nodes.
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Infectious Mononucleosis
An acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue, and fever. The disease affects mostly young people and is usually transmitted by saliva.
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Angioplasty
Surgical repair of a blood vessel
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Atherectomy
Excision of fatty plaque
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Endarterectomy
Excision within an artery.
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Pericardiocentesis
Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the sac surrounding the heart.
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Phlebectomy
Excision of a vein
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Phlebotomy
Incision into a vein
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Valvuloplasty
Surgical repair of a vein
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Splenectomy
Excision of the spleen
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Splenopexy
Surgical fixation of the spleen
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Thymectomy
Excision of the thymus gland
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Aneurysmectomy
Surgical excision of an aneurysm
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Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
A procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger atrial fibrillation are destroyed by using radiofrequency energy.
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Femoropopliteal Bypass
Surgery to establish an alternate route from the femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction.
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Bone Marrow Aspiration
A syringe is used to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow, usually from the ilium, for study; used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease and condition of the blood cells.
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Angiography
Radiographic imaging of blood vessels.
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Angioscope
Instrument used for visual examination.
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Angioscopy
Visual examination of a blood vessel
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Aortogram
Radiographic image of the aorta
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Echocardiogram (ECHO)
Record of the heart using sound
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Electrocardiogram
Record of the electrical activity of the heart
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Cardiac Catheterization
An examination to determine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels.
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Impedance Plethysmography
Measures venous flow of the extremitites with a plethysmograph to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volume and resistance in the vein. Used to detect deep vein thrombosis.
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Blood Pressue
Pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls. A blood pressure measurement written as systolic / diastolic
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C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
A blood test to measure the amount of C-reactive protein in the blood, which, when elevated, indicates inflammation in the body. It is sometimes used in assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)
A blood test used to measure the level of creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme of heart and skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis.
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Homocysteine
A blood test used to measure the amount of homocysteine in the blood. Homocysteine is an amino acid that, if elevated, may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Lipid Profile
A blood test used to measure the amount of lipid profile in a blood sample.
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Troponin
A blood test that measures troponin, a heart muscle enzyme. Look more on this page... 451
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Hematocrit (HCT)
A blood test to measure the volume of red blood cells. It is used in the diagnosis and evaluation of anemic patients.
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Phlebologist
Physician who studies and treats diseases of the veins.
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Phlebology
The study of veins.
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Hematopoiesis
Formation of blood cells
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Hemostasis
Stoppage of bleeding
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Myelopoiesis
Formation of bone marrow
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Plasmapheresis
Removal of plasma
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Thrombolysis
Dissolution of a clot
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Occulde
To close tightly, to block.
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Blood Dyscrasia
Abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood
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Hemorrhage
Rapid loss of blood, as in bleeding
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ACS
Acute Coronary Syndrome
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CABG
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
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CAD C
Coronary Artery Disease
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CPK
creatine phosphokinase
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DSA
Digital subtraction angiography
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HHD
hypertensice heart disease
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ICD
implantable cardiac defibrillator
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IPG
impedance plethysmography
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PAD
peripheral arterial disease
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PTCA
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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TEE
transesophageal echocardiogram
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Soft Palate
posterior portion, not supported by bone
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Pharynx, throat
performs the swalling action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus
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Cardia
area around the opening of the esophagus
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Fundus
uppermost domed portion of the stomach
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Antrum
lower portion of the stomach
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Duodenum
First 10 to 12 inches of the small intestine
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Jejunum
second portion of the small intestine
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Ileum
Third portion of the small intestine
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Cecum
Blind U shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine
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Peritoneum
serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
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Appendix
Small pouch, which has no function in digestion, attached to the cecum
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choledoch/o
common bile duct
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polyp/o
polyp, small growth
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pylor/o
pylorus, pyloric sphincter
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sial/o
saliva, salivary gland
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cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
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choledocholithiasis
condition of stones in the common bile duct
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cholelithiasis
condition of gallstones
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diverticulitis
inflammation of the diverticulum
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diverticulosis
abnormal condition of having diverticula
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gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
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gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestines
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gastroenterocolitis
inflammation of the stomach, intestines, and colon
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Hepatoma
tumor of the liver
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Palitis
inflammation of the palate
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Pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
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Peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
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Proctoptosis
Prolapse of the rectum
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Rectocele
Protrusion of the rectum
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Sialolith
Stone in the salivary gland
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Steatohepatitis
Inflammation of the liver associated with fat
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Uvulitis
Inflammation of the uvula
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Adhesion
Abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separated.
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Anorexia Nervose
Eating disorder characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat.
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Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder involving gorging with food, followed by vomitting.
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Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten, which may damage the lining of the small intestine.
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Cirrhosis
Chronic disorder of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue; commonly caused by alcoholism and certain types of viral hepatitis
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Chron Disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ilium and the colon; characterized by cobblestone ulcerationsand the formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstruction.
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Hemorrhoids
Swollen or distended veins in the rectal area, which may be internal or external, and can be a source of rectal bleeding.
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Ileus
Obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis
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Intussusception
Telescoping of a segment of the intestine
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IBS
periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea etc
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Ulcerative Colitis
Inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers.
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Volvulus
Twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction
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Abdominocentesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity
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Antrectomy
Excision of the antrum
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Celiotomy
incision into the abdominal cavity
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Cheilorrhaphy
suture of the lip
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Cholecystectomy
Excision of the gallbladder
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Enterorrhaphy
Suture of the intestine
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Glossorrhaphy
Suture of the tongue
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Hemicolectomy
Excision of half the colon
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Herniorrhaphy
Suture of the hernia
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Laparotomy
Incision into the abdominal cavity
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Palatoplasty
Surgical repair of the palate
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Pyloromyotomy
Incision into the pyloric muscle
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Anastomosis
An opening created by surgically joining two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments.
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Bariatric Surgery
Surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity causing serious illness.
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Hemorrhoidectomy
Excision of hemorrhoids
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Cholangiogram
Radiographic imaging of bile ducts.
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Endoscope
Instrument used for visual examination within hollow organs
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Endoscopy
visual examination of a hollow organ
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Laparoscope
Instrument used for visual examination of the abdoiman cavity
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Laparoscopy
Visual examination of the abdominal cavity
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Proctoscope
Instrument used for visual examination of the rectum
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Proctoscopy
Visual examination of the rectum
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Sigmoidoscopy
Visual examination of the sigmoid colon
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Abdominal Untrasonography
Process of recording images of internal organsusing high frequency sound waves
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Barium Enema
Series of radiographic images taken of the stomach and duodenum after the contrast agent barium has been swalloed
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Fecal Occult Blood Test
A test to detect occult blood in the feces. It is used to screen for colon cancer or polyps. Occult blood refers to blood that is present but can only be detected by chemical testing.
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Helicobacter pylori antibodies test
determines presence of that bacteria
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Aphagia
Without swallowing, inability
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Celiac
Pertaining to the abdomen
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Colorectal
Pertaining to the colon and rectum
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Dyspepsia
Difficult digestion
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Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
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Enteropathy
Disease of the intestine
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Gastromalacia
Softening of the stomach
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Glossopathy
disease of the tongue
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Ileocecal
pertaining to the ileum and cecum
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Nasogastric
pertaining to the nose and stomach
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Proctologist
One who studies and treats diseases of the rectum
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Steatorrhea
Discharge of fat
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Steatosis
Abnormal condition of fat
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Stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth
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Stomatogastric
pertaining to the mouth and stomach
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Sublingual
pertaining to under the tongue
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Emesis
Expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth
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Flatus
Gas in the digestive tract or expelled through anus
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Gastric Lavage
washing out the stomach
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Gavage
feeding someone through a nasogastric tube
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Hematemesis
vomitting of blood
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hematochezia
passage of bloody feces
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Malabsorption
Impaired digestion or intestinal absorption of nutrients
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Melena
black, tarry stool that contains digested blood
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resection abdominoperineal resection
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EGD
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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EUS
endoscopic ultrasound
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FOBT
fecal occult blood test
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GERD
gastroesophageal refluc disease
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PEG
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
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UGI
upper gastrointestinal
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UPPP
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
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