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angle of anteversion/torsion/declination
- angle of hip joint w frontal plane
- angle between a line running through the femoral condyles and a line through the center of the femoral head and neck
- norm: 8-15 degrees (some sources say up to 25)
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the defs and presentations of anteversion and of retroversion
- anteversion: angle of anteversion/torsion/declination > 15 degrees, --> toe in / pigeon toe
- retroversion: angle < 8 --> toe out
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angle of inclination def, norm
- angle btwn femoral head/neck and femoral shaft
- norm 125 degrees
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name for angle of inclination > 125 degrees
coxa valga
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name for angle of inclination < 125 degrees
coxa vara (more common in women)
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how to palpate the iliac crest
- pt standing or supine
- it's lat and sup to naval
- "rest" hands on top of it
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how to palpate iliac tubercle
- pt standing or supine
- move ant and sup to widest part of rim
- should be able to id contour of bone
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how to palpate greater trochanter
- pt standing or supine
- drop down latteraly from the crest and "sit" on top of trochanter
- use fingers to fel contours of bone
- confirm via IR/ER
- it's roughly in line w pubic tubercles and coccyx
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how to palpate ASIS
- pt standing or supine
- follow curve of pelvis from iliac tubercle and continue inf.
- rest thumbs UNDER to assess pelvic symmetry
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how to palpate pubic tubercles
- pt standing or supine
- place middle finer on umbilicus
- rest heel of hand on top of pubic symph
- use 2 index fingers to find the top of the pubic tubercles
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borders of femoral triangle
- sup: inguinal ligament (which is btwn the pubic symph and ASIS)
- med: adductor longus (have pt adduct to find this)
- lat: sartorius (resist the pt in ER)
- floor: iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially
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how to find inguinal lig
- runs btwn ASIS and pubic symph
- feels like a rope or cord
- it's the sup border of the femoral triangle
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how to palpate femoral artery, its rel to psoas
- in femoral triangle, felt inf to the middle of the inguinal lig,
- the psoas is lat to it
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how to palpate PSIS
- pt standing or prone
- start at iliac crests
- move post. inf. until unable to feel ridge
- move inf and med 45 degrees
- palpate by softly moving skin inf and sup until you can "hook" under the PSISs
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how to palpate SI joint
- pt standing or prone
- from PSISs move med and inf
- should feel and indentation over the joint (joint will be much deeper)
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how to palpate ischial tuberosities (ITs)
- under the butt
- rest thumb pads on the ITs
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how to palpate the sciatic nerve
- pt prone or sidelying
- flex knee against resistance to find head of hamstrings (medial and inf to IT)
- as pt relaxes, sink thru soft tissue btwn muscles and feel the nerve - cordlike
- also: found half way btwn PSIS and greater trochanter (it runs perpendicular to this line)
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how to find the piriformis
- pt sidelying or prone
- btwn lateral sacrum area (PSIS and coccyx) and sup post greater troch
- difficult to feel if not inflamed
- inserts at area of the trochanteric bursa, so bursits and piriformis syndrome may be misdiagnosed
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how to palpate trochanteric bursa
- (not palpable unless inflamed)
- rests on the greater trochanter
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