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trambam
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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plasma membrane
- forms outer boundary of cell
- thin, two-layered membrane of phospholipids containing proteins
- selectivley permeable
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ribosomes
- makes proteins
- may attach to rough ER or lie freely
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endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- Carry substances through cytoplasm
- network of connecting sacs & canals
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rough ER
- has ribosomes attached to it
- collets & transports proteins made by ribosomes
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smooth ER
synthesizes chemicals & makes new membrane
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Golgi apparatus
- flattened sacs near nucleusÂ
- collect chemicals moved from smooth ER in vesicles and proccesses them
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ribosomes are also called...
protein factories
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Golgi apparatus is also called...
chemical processing & packaging center
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lysosome
- membrane enclosed packets containing digestive system
- eat microbes
- formerly thought to be responsible for apoptosis (programmed cell death)
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centrioles
- paired organelles lie @ R angles near nucleus
- cell reproduction
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cilia
- hairlike on exposed surface
- capable of moving wavelike in unison
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flagella
- single projections much larger than cilia
- "tails" of sperm cells only example of flagella in humans
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what does the nucleus do?
- controlls cell
- makes proteins, which determines cell structure & function (genetic code)
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nucleus component structures
- nuclear envelope
- nucleoplasm
- nucleolus
- chromatin granules
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what do cells do?
- regulate life processes
- relationship of structure & function in number & type of organelles seen in different cells
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types of passive transport
- diffusion
- - osmosis
- - dialysis
filtration
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diffusion
substances scatter evenly throughout space moving from high to low concentration
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osmosis
diffusion of water through semi permeable membrane
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filtration
movement of water and solutes caused by hydroststic pressure on one side of the membrane
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types of active transport
- ion pumps
- pinocytosis
- phagocytosis
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ion pumps
- protein in cell membrane use energy from ATP to move things across cell membrain against concentration gradient
- some pumps work w/other carriers so glucose or AA- are transported w/ions
- ex.: sodium-potassium pump, calcium pump
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isotonic
- same concentration of salt as a normal RBC
- 0.9% NaCl solution
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hypertonic
- higher level of salt
- inflated cell lyses (explodes)
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hypotonic
- contains less salt
- cell shrivel
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DNA structure
lg. mol. shaped like a spiral staircase
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what's on the side of a DNA mol.?
- sugar (deoxyribose)
- phosphate units
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base pairs
- adenine-thymine
- guanine-cytosine
always the same, but sequence differs
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