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HSII Ch. 3
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plasma membrane
forms outer boundary of cell
thin, two-layered membrane of phospholipids containing proteins
selectivley permeable
ribosomes
makes proteins
may attach to rough ER or lie freely
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Carry substances through cytoplasm
network of connecting sacs & canals
rough ER
has ribosomes attached to it
collets & transports proteins made by ribosomes
smooth ER
synthesizes chemicals & makes new membrane
Golgi apparatus
flattened sacs near nucleus
collect chemicals moved from smooth ER in vesicles and proccesses them
ribosomes are also called...
protein factories
Golgi apparatus is also called...
chemical processing & packaging center
lysosome
membrane enclosed packets containing digestive system
eat microbes
formerly thought to be responsible for apoptosis (programmed cell death)
centrioles
paired organelles lie @ R angles near nucleus
cell reproduction
cilia
hairlike on exposed surface
capable of moving wavelike in unison
flagella
single projections much larger than cilia
"tails" of sperm cells only example of flagella in humans
what does the nucleus do?
controlls cell
makes proteins, which determines cell structure & function (genetic code)
nucleus component structures
nuclear envelope
nucleoplasm
nucleolus
chromatin granules
what do cells do?
regulate life processes
relationship of structure & function in number & type of organelles seen in different cells
types of passive transport
diffusion
- osmosis
- dialysis
filtration
diffusion
substances scatter evenly throughout space moving from high to low concentration
osmosis
diffusion of water through semi permeable membrane
filtration
movement of water and solutes caused by hydroststic pressure on one side of the membrane
types of active transport
ion pumps
pinocytosis
phagocytosis
ion pumps
protein in cell membrane use energy from ATP to move things across cell membrain against concentration gradient
some pumps work w/other carriers so glucose or AA- are transported w/ions
ex.
: sodium-potassium pump, calcium pump
isotonic
same concentration of salt as a normal RBC
0.9% NaCl solution
hypertonic
higher level of salt
inflated cell lyses (explodes)
hypotonic
contains less salt
cell shrivel
DNA structure
lg. mol. shaped like a spiral staircase
what's on the side of a DNA mol.?
sugar (deoxyribose)
phosphate units
base pairs
adenine-thymine
guanine-cytosine
always the same, but sequence differs
Author
trambam
ID
174176
Card Set
HSII Ch. 3
Description
Cells & Tissues
Updated
10/1/2012, 11:17:11 PM
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