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Fidelity means
- The information in the DNA is accurately copied
- It occurs in the new DNA strand because of the specific base pairing of the incoming deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (A«T; G «C)
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DNA polymerase function
 - 1- Replicates the DNA
- 2- Polymerizes dATP, dGTP, dCTP and dTTP into DNA
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- The new strand is always synthesized in the......direction
- A............ is released
- A...........is a preexisting “starter (short) sequence to help the DNA polymerase “get going”
- The newly synthesized strand is......... to the template strand
- The new strand is always synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction
- A Pyrophosphate (PPi) is released
- A “primer” is a preexisting “starter (short) sequence to help the DNA polymerase “get going”
- The newly synthesized strand is antiparallel to the template strand
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- Step 1 of the DNA replication process is for the DNA double helix to........ or separate over a small region
- The DNA polymerase only uses.............as a template.
- In eukaryotic cells, the DNA melts at ..............along the DNA helix. Generally this occurs at regions rich in.......
- Step 1 of the DNA replication process is for the DNA double helix to “melt” or separate over a small region
- The DNA polymerase only uses single stranded DNA (ssDNA) as a template.
- In eukaryotic cells, the DNA melts at multiple sites along the DNA helix. Generally this occurs at regions rich in AT base pairs
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- As the two DNA strands separate, they form a “V”, This is called the ........ – it is the site where active replication occurs
- Replication is....... – replication forks move in.........directions from the origin, generating a bigger bubble
- There are proteins required for DNA strand separation. These proteins are required for.......
- As the two DNA strands separate, they form a “V”
- This is called the replication fork – it is the site where active replication occurs
- Replication is bidirectional – replication forks move in opposite directions from the origin, generating a bigger bubble
- There are proteins required for DNA strand separation. These proteins are required for
- 1.) maintaining the separation of the parental
- strands and 2.) unwinding the double helix ahead
- of the advancing fork
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What are the Required proteins in DNA
- DnaA Protein – which finds AT rich regions, and uses an ATP to melt the “AT” H-bonds
- DNA helicase – which will recognize the ssDNA near the replication fork and snatch onto it, adding energy to keep the strands apart and unwind the double helix
- Single strand DNA-binding proteins (SSB) proteins – which serve 2 functions;
- 1- To get in the way of hydrogen bonds reforming between bases, and one
- 2- To cover the ssDNA sites so DNA nuclease enzymes do not degrade the ssDNAs
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- Synthesis of DNA is ................
- The DNA polymerase can only “read” the parental nucleotide sequences in .........
- Direction so that the new DNA strand is synthesized in the
..................
- - Synthesis of DNA is discontinuous
- - The DNA polymerase can only “read” the parental nucleotide sequences in the 3’5’
- - Direction so that the new DNA strand is synthesized in the 5’3’ direction
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- The leading strand is the one that is in the ...... direction for DNA polymerase.
- This strand is synthesized ..........
- The “lagging” strand is synthesized in short spurts called.....
- - The leading strand is the one that is in the right direction for DNA polymerase.
- - This strand is synthesized continuously
- - The “lagging” strand is synthesized in short spurts Okazaki fragments
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