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annasch95
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Amines are derivatives of _____________ and thus are____________ ___________.
Ammonia; weak bases
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things that contain nitrogen (amines)
enzymes, protiens, DNA, hormones, Rx drugs, illegal drugs
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enzymes are
bent bc of H bonding
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Amine classification
- primary,secondary, tertiary
- # of Carbon atoms directly bonded to the Nitrogen
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Amines accept _____ from an _______, acting as weak bases, and become an _______.
hydrogen; acid; ion
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an ion with all 4 hydrogens replaced with alkyl groups is called
- quartenary ammonium
- (known as an ammonium ion, not an amide)
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In the common system, you name amines by
naming the group or groups attached to the nitrogen atom and adding the word amine.
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amino group attatched to a benzene ring is called
aniline
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ions are named ______ except we end them with ___________.
like amines; -ammonium ion
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amines capable of hydrogen bonding
primary, secondary
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compare N-H bond to O-H bond
N-H bond in amines/amides isnt as strong as O-H because O is more electronegative than N
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tertiary amines BPs
close to ethers bc they are incapable of H bonding
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name with decreasing polarity groups that are polar with hydrogen bonding
- carboxylic acids
- alcohols
- amides
- amines (only prim. and sec.)
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name with decreasing polarity groups that are polar with NO hydrogen bonding
- esters
- aldehydes/ketones
- ethers
- tertiary amines
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groups that are non-polar
- hydrocarbons like
- alkanes
- alkenes
- alkynes
- aromatics
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low # carbon amines smell
like ammonia
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large # carbon amines smell like _________. Amines responseable?
dead fish; putrescine, cadaverine (both diamines)
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amines as bases
the lone pair on the N can accept a proton (hydrogen ion) from H2O to form the ammonium ion and the hydroxide ion
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top 3 strong acids?
- hydrochloric HNO3
- sulfuric H2SO4
- nitric HNO3
- all want to donate hydrogens
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insoluable amines will ______
- react with strong acids to form soluable ammonium salts.
- (a compound that's insoluable will always be soluable as a salt of that compound)
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naming ammonium salts
- name the +ion first, the - second
- remember if - part is a carboxylic acid, ends in -ate, otherwise if just an element, -ide
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Rx companies convert
drugs that are insoluable to soluable amines for ease of transport in the blood
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carboxylic acids react with ammonia to produce _____
amides +H2O
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carboxylic acids react with amines to produce_____. used for
substituted amides and H2O; linking amino acids to make protiens. peptide bonds... 
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amide group bond
peptides
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_________ is ________ and occurs naturally in some foods.
Sodium Nigrite; inorganic
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gives pink color to foods
Sodium Nitrite; makes it more appealing
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Sodium nitrite is an additive in ____ and ___. prevents _____
hot dogs and cold cuts; growth of bacteria, especially kind that causes botulism ( potentially fatal food poisioning)
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theory about nitrites
responseable for stomach and intestinal cancer; some say there is no connection
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when consumed, nitrites
react with stomach acid (HCl) to produce nitrous acid that then reacts with amines in our food to create nitrosoamines
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heterocyclic amines consist of
different atoms other than carbon in a cyclic compound
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_____ contains heterocylcic amines.
- DNA bases (A,T,C,G)
- sugars (heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen)
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pyridine-common heterocyclic amine
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amides are
when there is a NH2 (can be substituted) in place of the OH group thats attatched to the C with the =O of carboxylic acids
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