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Cancer of the colon and rectum
- Starts in the large intestine (colon) or the rectum (end of the Colon)
- AKA Colorectal cancer
- Colorectal Cancer is one fo the leading causes of cancer related deaths in US
- Early Diagnoissi often leads to complete cure
- Nearly all colon cancers begin as polyps (benign) That may slowly develop into cancer
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Two major risk factors for colorectual cancer
- long-standing ulcerative colitis
- familial poluposis of the colon
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What are the early stage of Colorectal colitis
- Grows slowly
- remains localized
- potentially curable with early diagnosis
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What are symptols of colrectal Cancers
- Changes in bowel habits
- Abdonomial discomfort and presure, blood in stools, and anemia as tumor grows
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How is Colorectal Cancer diagnosed
- Digital rectal examination
- Sigmoidoscopy or colonscopy with biopsy
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What are treatmens of Colorectal cancer
Surgery and Chemo
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What are two types of intestinal obstructions
- Organic intestinal obstructions
- Paralytic intetinal obstructions
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What are 2 types of physical organic obstructions
- Small intestine - adhesions, hernias, tumors, inflamatory bowel disearse, telescoping of intesting (intussusception).
- large intestine - colon cancer, diverticulitis, twisitng of the colon, impacted feces, narrowing of the colon cause by inflamation and scarring (stricture)
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What is Paralytic Obstrcution
Decreases in peristalisis due to muscle or nerve dysfuntion or movement of the inestine is greatly reducted or absent following: Abdominal surger, pelvic surgery, Infection, certain types of medications and neuromuscular disorders.
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What are the symptoms of intestionl obstructions
- Abdominoal distention, pain, and cramping
- bowel breath odor
- constipation
- diarrhea
- vomiting
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What are test to diagnosis intestional obstructions
- Bowel sounds
- High-pitched bowel sounds - mechanical intestional obstructions
- Decreased or absent -paralytic intestinal obstructions
- Abdominal CT scan and or abdominal x-ray
- Barium enema
- Barium swallow
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What a complications that can occur in intestional obstructions
- Electrolyte imbalence
- Infection
- Jaundice
- Intetinal perforation
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What are treatments for intetional obstructions?
Suction or Surgery
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