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natural law
rules discoverable by reason
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Thomas Hobbes
- wrote Leviathan
- believed humans are evil by nature
- humans need a strict gov to controll themselves
- wanted absolute monarchy
- social contract
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social contract
agreement by which they gave up their freedom or an organized society
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John Locke
- humans moral by nature
- natural rights
- wrote Treaties of Government
- gov w/limited power (no absolute monarchy)
- people have the right to overthrow gov if natural rights are not protected
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natural rights
rights that belonged to all humans from birth
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philosophes
"philosophers"
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Montesquieu
- wrote The Spirit of the Laws
- checks and balances
- affected United States Constitution
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Volitare
- freedom of speech
- most famous philosophes
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Diderot
- created Encyclopedia
- Encyclopedia
proposed ideas from philosophers - pope, critics, and gov said book was an attack on public morals
- Encyclopedia spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe & to America
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Rousseau
- human's natural innocence corrupted by evils of society, esp unequal property distribution
- created Social Contract
- gov should only have minimal controls
- believed in "general will" (best concience of people)
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laissez faire
allowing buisnesses to operate w/ little or no gov interference
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Adam Smith
- wrote The Wealth of Nationsfree market should be allowed to regulate buisness & activity
- everything linked to supply & demand
- supported laissez faire, w/gov protecting rights
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