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Urethritis, conjunctivitis and arthritis
Reactive arthritis
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fever, foul breath and sore throat
suggestive of retrophaygeal abscess
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Barrets esophagus dx criteria
change in the lining of the esophagus from normal squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium of intestinal type (containing goblet cells) above the GE junction
-
known Barretts esophagus pt survellince
endoscopy every 3 years to look for metaplasia or adenocn
-
achalasia increases risk of what
sq cell carcinoma of esophagus
-
mid esophageal diverticulum with mediastinal adhesions or abnormal motility
Traction diverticulum
-
diverticulum located above the LES
epiphrenic diverticulum
-
esophagitis with multinucleated inclusion body
HSV esophagitis
-
dysphagia with wt loss, hemorrhage, chest pain and vomitting
adenocarcinoma, usually the result of Barretts esophagus
-
keratin pearls
sign of squamous cell carcinoma
-
dysphagia with obstruction, cachexia, debilitation and hoarseness
sc cell carcinoma of esophagus
-
vacuolated SI epithelial cells
abetalipoproteinemia- accumulation of FA and trigs in cells due to inability of intestinal cells to secrete once taken up
-
malabsorption with spur cells (acanthocytes)
abetalipoproteinemia
-
carcinoid tumors from chronic gastritis
AI mediated chronic gastritis
-
mucosal mass with enlarged foveolar glands
hyperplastic (inflammatory) polyps
-
polyp associated with PPI use
- fundic gland polyp
- low acid=> increased gastrin=> fundic gland stimulation
-
signet ring
diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma
-
periumbilical metastasis (sister mary nodule)
metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma
-
kruckenburg tumor
metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma (diffuse type)
-
treatment for gastric marginal zone lymphoma
tx of H. pylori infection usually induces remission
-
lymphoma with reactive germinal centers
gastric marginal zone lymphoma
-
"fish flesh" appearance of gross specimen
diffuse large B cell lymphoma of stomach
-
LCA + and cytokeratin -
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
-
well differentialted neuroendocrine carcinoma
gastric carcinoid tumor
-
Chromagranin A + &/or synaptophysin +
neuroendocrine markers= gastric carcinoid tumor
-
tumor showing differentiation of cell of Cajal (peristalsis pacemakers) made of spindled cells
GI stromal tumor
-
c-KIT or CD117 tyrosine kinase expression
GIST (GI stromal tumor)
-
typical opportunistic pathogen of GIT associated with abx use
C. difficile
-
explosive, watery diarrhea early, progressing to fatty, bloating stools with weight loss
Giardia
-
profuse watery diarrhea
rota virus
-
anion gap
- anion gap = Na - (Cl + HCO3)
- normal= 8-12
- >12 = MUD PILES
-
pseudomembranous colitis
C. diff (G+, anaerobic, spore forming bacillus)
-
steatorrhea with protozoal infection
giardia
-
autofluorescent protozoa
isospora belli
-
modified acid fast positive sporozoa
isospora belli and cryptospridium
-
"flask-shaped ulcer" in colon
Entamoeba histolytica
-
nucleus with spoke like formations
entamoeba histolytics (amebic dysentary)
-
nuclei with 4 cysts
giadia or entamoeba histolytica
-
perianal itching
pinworm- enterobius vermicularis
-
ova with a thick shell, wavy, ruffled surface 
- ascaris worm:
- f/o transmission
-
"ground itch"/ maculopapular rash on feet
- hookworm: Ancyclostoma duodenale or Necator americanus
- site of penetration of larvae into skin
-
Fe deficiency anemia in parasite infection
Hookwarm: Ancyclostoma duodenale or Necator americanus
-
pinworm egg- enterobius vermicularis
-
hookworm ova: Ancyclostoma duodenale or Necator americanus
-
ook
Schistoma mansoni ova
-
-
"lead pipe" sign on XR of colon due to loss of haustra
UC
-
CagA protein
- marker for inflammation and cancer
- produced by H. pylori
-
H. pylori tx
- amoxicillin, metronidazole and a PPI
- decreased recurrence rate to 30% (from 80%)
-
cobble stone appearance on barium swallow
Candida albicans typically
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