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Denaturation destroys
2o, 3o, and 4o structure. (1o structure remains intact)
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What is denaturation
the disruption of disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and other weak interactions, having an unfolded protein leaving the primary structure intact.
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Denatured proteins always retain what structure
their primary structure
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Can a protein partially re-fold onto something that doesn't resemble its starting material.
Yes
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Protein albumin found in egg whites can be denatured by heat or
mechanical action (whipping). Denaturation changes the properties of the protein.
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Types of protein
- Structural
- Regulatory
- Contractile
- Immunological
- Transport
- Catalytic
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What is Structural proteins function
Form structural framework of various parts of the body.
Example: collagen in bone and other connective tissues, and keratin in skin, hair, and fingernails.
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What is Regulatory protein function
Function as hormones that regulate various physiological processes; control growth and development; as neurotransmitters, mediate responses of the nervous system.
Example: the hormone onsulin, which regulates blood gucose level, and a neurotransmitter known as substance P, which mediates sensation of pain in the nervous system.
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What is contractile protein function
Allow shortening of muscle cells, which produces movement.
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What is immunological protein function
Aid responses that protect body against foreign substances and invading pathogens.
Example: antibodies and interleukins.
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What is transport protein function
Carry vital substances throughout the body.
Example: hemoglobin, which transports most oxygen and some carbon dioxide in the blood.
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What is Catalytic protein function
Act as enzymes that regulate biochemical reactions.
Examples: salivary amylase, sucrase, and ATPase.
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Define an enzyme
are proteins that speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions.
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A typical human cell carries out tens of thousands of metabolic processes. Each of these reactions is speeded along by an
enzyme of one sory or another
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Enzymes don't change the overall energy that comes out of the reaction. They change
activation energy, but not the overall energy profile.
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Enzymes are catalysts.
Catalysts make reactions go faster but are not consumed.
Enzymes bring together the reaction products.
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Molecules fit into a pocket formed by the
enzyme protein
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Substrate name + -ase =
enzyme name
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