Appendix

182. The normal SI heart sound is caused by:
a. atrioventricular valve opening
b. atrioventricular valve closure
c. semilunar valve opening
d. semilunar valve closure

183. In relation to the electrocardiogram, the SI heart sound normally occurs at the:
a. onset of the P wave
b. onset of the QRS
c. end of the T wave
d. end of the S wave

184. Normally the loudest component of the SI heart sound is closure of the:
a. mitral valve
b. tricuspid valve
c. aortic valve
d. pulmonic valve

185. In relationship to tricuspid valve closure, normally mitral valve closure occurs:
a. before
b. during
c. after
d. varies

186. The normal S2 heart sound is caused by:
a. atrioventricular valve closure
b. atrioventricular valve opening
c. semilunar valve closure
d. semilunar valve opening

187. In relation to the electrocardiogram, S2 normally occurs at the:
a. onset of the P wave
b. onset of the QRS complex
c. end of the T wave
d. end of the PR interval

188. Which component of S2 is normally the loudest?
a. mitral valve opening
b. tricuspid valve closure
c. aortic valve closure
d. pulmonic valve closure

189. Compared to the pulmonic valve, aortic valve closure normally occurs:
a. before
b. during
c. after
d. varies

190. Which of the following will increase the interval between aortic valve closure and pulmonic valve closure?
a. inspiration
b. expiration
c. standing to supine
d. strain phase of the Valsalva

191. All of the following are considered vessel wall layers except the:
a. intima
b. media
c. adventia
d. vasa vasorum

192. Which of the following component parts of the circulation is best capable of altering blood
flow to the capillaries?
a. aorta
b. peripheral arteries
c. arterioles
d. venules

193. Which of the following components of the circulation conducts blood from the peripheral tissues to the heart?
a. aorta
b. venules
c. arterioles
d. veins

194. Which effect will an increase in preload normally have on cardiac contractility?
a. increase
b. decrease
c. varies
d. cannot be predicted

195. Which of the following will most likely increase ventricular afterload?
a. atrioventricular valve regurgitation
b. atrioventricular valve stenosis
c. semilunar valve regurgitation
d. semilunar valve stenosis

196. Coronary artery blood occurs predominantly during:
a. atrial systole
b. ventricular diastole
c. ventricular systole
d. isovolumic contraction

197. Which percent stenosis is considered significant coronary artery disease?
a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 70%

198. All of the following will affect coronary artery blood flow except:
a. aortic diastolic blood pressure
b. left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
c. heart rate
d. body surface area

199. All of the following are considered the formed elements of blood except:
a. plasma
b. red blod cells
c. white blood cells
d. platelets

200. Another term for red blood cells is:
a. erythrocytes
b. leukocytes
c. thrombocytes
d. plasma

201. Another term for white blood cells is:
a.plasma
b.thrombocytes
c.leukocytes
d.erythrocytes

202. Another term for platelets is:
a. leukocytes
b. thrombocytes
c. erythrocytes
d. plasma

203. Which component of blood carries hemoglobin?
a. erythrocytes
b. leukocytes
c. plasma
d. thrombocytes

204. The term that refers to the percentage of red blood cells present is:
a. leukopenia
b. anemia
c. polycthemia
d. hematocrit

205. The term that means there is an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells is:
a. hematocrit
b. polycythemia
c. anemia
d. leukopenia

206. The term used to decribe an abnormal decrease in the number of red blood cells is:
a. anemia
b. leukopenia
c. polycythemia
d. hematocrit

207. The term that decribes an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells is:
a. polycythemia
b. leukopenia
c. hematocrit
d. plasmacrit

208. Which of the following terms infers an abnormal decrease in the number of white blood cells?
a. plasmacrit
b. hematocrit
c. leukocytosis
d. polycythemia

209. What percentage of blood is made up of plasma?
a. 15%
b. 35%
c. 55%
d. 75%

210. What percentage does red blood cells constitute the formed elements of blood?
a. 15%
b. 35%
c. 55%
d. 75%