Biology Vocab: Skeletal System, Chapters 5,6,7

doesn't affect surrounding tissues

invades surrounding tissues; cancerous

cells break away from a malignant tumor and start a new cancer at another location

• phase one of mitosis
• time between divisions
• DNA is copies here

• phase two of mitosis
• chromosomes condense (are visible)
• sister chromatids pair up
• nuclear membrane disappears

• phase three of mistosis
• paired chromatids line up in the middle of cell

• phase four of mitosis
• chromatids are pulled into two daugher cells (v-shaped)

• phase five of mitosis
• cells start to separate
• nuclear membrane reforms

are growth factors present?

has DNA replicated properly?

have all chromosomes attached properly to microtubules?

a change in the sequence of DNA

exchange of equivalent portions of chromosomes between members of a homologous pair

the way in which different pairs of chrmomsomes allign and get separated during meiosis 1 is random

physical traits of an individual

description of the alleles for a particular gene in an individual

• Purebred
• both alleles for a gene are identical

• Hybrid
• the gene has two different alleles

the phenotype of an allele is seen only when homozygous

the phenotype is seen when homozygous or heterozygous

deposit mineral salts and collagenous fibers (make bones)

maintains bone tissue (are bone)

break down bone tissue (destroy bone)

shaft of a long bone

ends of long bones

the area between the diaphysis and the epiphysis contains the epiphyseal plate

• hyaline cartilage
• covers the ends of moveable joints

outer covering of bone

• cavity or cannal
• houses marrow

inner lining of medullary cavity

any projection from the surface of a bone

• "knuckle"
• a large rounded prominence on a bone

a large blunt process found only on the lateral side of the femur

a small rounded process

an elecated, rounded, usually roughened area of a bone

an opening or hole ina bone

a depression or groove on a bone

a tube like passageway running within a bone

a space within a bone lined with a mucus membrane that reduces the weight of a bone

have a distinct diaphysis (shaft)

somewhat cube-shaped bones

protect organs

the "other" category

small bones situated in tendones when considerable pressure develops

bones that lie along the long axis of the body

bones of the extremities

7

neck

12

attach to ribs

5

lower back

5

pelvic bones

4

tail bone

• lateral curvature of the spine
• usually in thoracic and lumbar region

• hunchback/humpback
• exaggeration of thoracic curvature

• swayback (sprinters butt)
• exaggeration of lumbar curvature

held together by fibrous connective tissue

held together by cartilage

joint enclosed within a synovial or joint capsule

• connect muscle to bones
• a band or cord of dense fibrous connective tissue extending from a muscle to a bone for attachment

• connects bone to bone
• a band or cord of dense fibrous connective tissue extending from bone to bone to provide a joint with structural stability