ISDS Exam 1

a collection of data organizations in a way that facilitates data search

link information that have a relationship and identify them uniquely

the main key

key used in another table

using keys together

• -1 to 1 (1 ID# to 1 student)
• -1 to many (1 teacher to many students)
• -many to many (many students and many classes)

rows are because columns can be costly and difficult

individual who is relatively well educated and who creates, modifies, and/or synthesizes knowledge as a fundamental part of a job

integration of economies throughout the world, enabled by technological progress

increase international trade, develop global financial systems and currency, and outsourcing

increased multiculturalism via movies/TV, international travel, ethnic foods, and social networks

low-cost computing and communication

• -fall of Berlin Wall
• -Netscape released
• -work flow software
• -uploading 
• -outsourcing
• -offshoring
• -supply chaining
• -in sourcing
• -in forming
• -the steroids

software that makes processes easier

people could put info out there 

having another company do a service for you

taking manufacturing to another country

bringing in services

getting info

everything in the key factors to move everything along

moving a product from manufacturer to customer

• -people
• -hardware
• -software
• -data
• -telecomunications networks

hardware, software, networking

business integreation, managing people/projects, social skills, verbal 

system integration, development methods, critical thinking, problem solving

• -more productive
• -gain competetive advantage
• -reach more customers
• -improve customer service

whoever maintains the database

• -executive
• -managerial
• -operational

executive managers, focus on long-term strategies

functional, control operational level

recurring, often automated, optomize process

doing things faster

doing things faster

doing things smarter

• -best made product
• -superior customer service
• -lower cost that rivals
• -proprietary manufacturing tech
• -shorter development/test lead times
• -well known brand name
• -more value for money

• -quality
• -service
• -low cost 
• -proprietary
• -innovation
• -brand
• value

• -threat of substitute
• -barganing power of buyers
• -threat of new entrants
• -barganing power of suppliers
• -rivalry among existing firms

• -home replication
• -global business 
• -multidomestic
• -transnational

advantages gained from innovation are often short lived

sometimes superior products can lose

can't predict the future....

• -process requirements (willing to change)
• -resource requirements (have man power)
• -risk tolerance (tolerate risk and uncertanty)

disruptive innovations, when new tech surpasses dominant tech

leverage of digital tech to provide free goods and services to customers as a business strategy to get a competetive advantage

• -advertising
• -freemium (free with SOME premium services)
• -cross-subsidies
• -zero marginal cost
• -labor exchange
• -gift economy

you get something cheaper, but the company still gets the contract money

products distributed without appreciable cost to anyone

services provided to customer, service use creates value

enviroments created to add/share info like Wikipedia

interconnection of basic facilities and services enabling an area to function properly

enables processing, storage, and transmitting of data

• -hardware
• -software
• -communications and collaborations networks
• -databases

performs computations and store data electronically, transforming input to output

• 1) input
• 2) process
• 3) output

responsible for performing all the operations of the computer, including loading the OS and boot-up

set of instructions (System software and Application software)

any input the computer receives is translated into binary code

colletion of programs that control the basic operations of computer hardware

for performing specific user tasks, app software interacts with system software

• -supercomputer
• -mainframe
• -servers
• -workstation
• -microcomputer

central computing system for gov. agencies or corporations

computer on network, makes services available to others on network

desktop computer, used for visualizations of 3D rendering

for personal computing/small businesses

knowledge and data

databases or files

database tech

program that allows organizations to more easily retrieve, store, and analyze info

• -senders and receivers with something to share
• -a transmission medium
• -protocols dictating communication

transmission capacity measured in bits per second

ues servers, only request services; usually one user per client

many requests and provide services, popular for file sharing and telephony

on one wire, messages are divided into packets and sent one at a time

transmission control protocol, breaks info into packets, manages transfer of packets

Internet Protocol, defines how packets must be formed and contains destination address

forwards packet between networks

data packets that coforms to the IP specs

system of interlinked documents on the internet 

• -Obsolence (tech improves too fast)
• -storage needs
• -space and facility requirements
• -energy consumption
• -demand fluctuations

commercial organizations

non-profit organization

network organizations

government organizations

tech improves so fast that tech goes out of date really fast

organizaions "rent" resources from an external provider on an as-needed basis

virtual machines running on a single powerful computer

• -scalability
• -viability
• -diversity of offerings
• -support policies

• -availability/reliability
• -security
• -compliance
• -privacy
• -often covered in service-level agreements

solving large-scale computing problems

increasing web app performance by decentralizing storage/processing

online exchange of goods and services and money

• -business to consumer
• -business to business
• -business to employee
• -consumer to consumer

products and services distributed over large distance

web sites can be linked to keep info up to date with databases

firms can tailor product and services to meet cusomer needs

companies can communicate with customers to improve customer service

different departments of a company can use the web to collaborate

clients and businesses can conduct business online without human support

• -revenue model
• -value proposition
• -competetive environment
• -marketing strategy
• -management team

the way a firm generates income

the utility that the product/service has to offer to customers

existing players in the market and the nature of the competition

promotion plan of product/service

background and experience of the company leadership

paying business bring or refer ustomers to another business

users pay monthly or yearly fees for prod./serv.

commission paid to the business for aiding in the transaction

consumer busy prod./serv. from web

free prod./serv. is supported by advertising displayed on the web site

private part of the internet

computer to computer communication following standards

access points

1 buyer, multipler suppliers

many buyers, 1 supplier

selling goods online

• -offer something unique
• -look nice
• -easy to use and fast 
• -motivates people to use it
• -must advertise prescence on the web
• -user should learn from web site

sellers post something for sale, highest bid wins

buyers post request for quote, lowest seller bid wins

• -bid luring
• -reproductions
• -bid shedding
• -shipping fraud
• -payment failure
• -nonshipment

• -search marketing
• -display ads
• -e-mail marketing
• -social media
• -mobil marketing
• -pricing models

based on the # of times someone views the page containing the ad

like pay-per-click

manually or automatically inflating # of clicks 

electronic transactions using wireless mobile devices