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Ping

ICMP Echo Request (Host)
ICMP Echo Reply (Server)
"Ping ""."" means?"

no response
"Ping ""!"" means"

response recieved
Extended ping allows you to change?

source MAC (simulate other host)
DHCP Process
- Discover(Host-Broadcast)
- Offer(Server-Broadcast)
- Request(Host)
- Ack(Server)
TCP/IP

Trasmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
TCP Handshake
- Syn(Host) seq=200
- Syn Ack(Server) seq=201 ack=1406
- Ack(Host) seq=201 ack=1407
ARP

Address Resolution Protocol (only initiated by other request)
What is ARP used to find?

a MAC Address for the given IP Address
ARP finds MAC addreses on the same?

LAN
Switches learn MAC Addresses from?

incoming frames (source learning)
ARP Process

(Host)ARP Request (Server)ARP Reply (Switch)Entry added to table
OSI Model

Open System Interconnection
Layer 7 Application

communications between software and application
Layer 6 Presentation

data format (ASCII) and encryption
Layer 5 Session

How to start; control and end conversations
Layer 4 Transport

TCP/UDP error recovery and flow control (Segment)
Layer 3 IP

logical addressing; routing and path determination (Packet)
Layer 2 Data Link

send and recieve data; trailer FCS (Frame)
Layer 1 Physical

pins; connectors and cabling (Ones and Zeros)
TCP/IP model

Application=A-P-S T=T Internet=N
Network Access=DL-P
Ethernet IEEE Layer 1 Std

802.3 10Mbs (MAC) Media Access Control
Ethernet IEEE Layer 2 Std

802.2 (LLC) Logical Link Control
RJ-45

Registered Jack 45
GBIC

Gigabit Interface Converters
SFP

Small-Form Pluggables
UTP

Unshielded Twisted Pair
What type of switching is Frame Relay?

packet switching
What are frame relay coonections called?

access links
What FR hdrs and trlrs defined by?

LAPF ( Link Access Procedure Frame)
DLCI

Data Link Connection Identifier
PVC

Permanent Virtual Circuit
DCE

Data Communicating Equipment - Frame Relay Switch
DTE

Data Terminating Equipment - Router
CIR

Committed Information Rate
What remains unchanged in the Encapsulation?

Source and Destination IP
20

FTP Data (TCP)
21

FTP Control (TCP)
22

SSH (TCP)
23

Telnet (TCP)
25

SMTP (TCP) - Outgoing Mail from Host
53

DNS (TCP/UDP) - User Datagram Protocol
67(S)-68(H)

DHCP (UDP)
69

TFTP (UDP)
80

HTTP (TCP)
110

POP3 (TCP) - Post Office Protocol - Incmoing Mail from Server
161

SNMP (UDP)
Bandwith

size of pipe
Delay

how long it takes a packet to arrive at its destination
Jitter

variation in delay
Loss

loss of a packet
DoS

Denial of Service - flood network with packets
Reconnaissance

discovering network topography
Access

stealing data for financial advantage
3 Enterprise Network Issues

1) Wireless LAN
2) Infected mobile laptops
3) Disgruntled Employees
Scanner

identifies which hosts are running what services
Spyware

looks for private or sensitive information
Worm

self-propogating program that replicate itself
Keystroke logger

logs usernames and passwords
Phishing

an email that sends you to fake website to record info
Malware

viruses that include spyware
Maximum Ethernet Cable Length

100 Meters (328 feet)
Collossion domains are seperated by?

switch;bridge or router
Broadcast domains are seperated by?

routers
STP

Spanning Tree Protocol prevents loops on multiple switches
LAN Swtch Desc
- Forward- Known
- MAC Filter-MAC if dest matches src
- Flood-MAC if unknown
LIGHTS SYS - amber

POST (Power On Self Test)
LIGHTS RPS

Redudant Power Supply
Port Toggle Mode STAT off

link down
Port Toggle Mode STAT on

link up no trfc
Port Toggle Mode STAT flashing

up w/trfc
Port Toggle Mode STAT amber

disabled
Port Toggle Mode DUPLEX on

full duplex
Port Toggle Mode DUPLEX off

half duplex
Port Toggle Mode SPEED off

10 Mbs
Port Toggle Mode SPEED on

100Mbs
Port Toggle Mode SPEED flashing

1Gbs
RAM

Working Memory and Running Configuration
NVRAM

Startup Configuration
Flash

Cisco IOS software
ROM

Bootstrap Program
enable

enter executive mode
configure terminal

enter configuration mode
line vty

configure virtual port for telnet or ssh
interface

command to configure an interface
interface range

configure a range of interfaces
hostname

set device name
setup

enter initial configuration mode
motd

message of the day ( begin w/ # end w/ #)
How to do you create a local backup?

copy running-config startup-config
interfaces status

shows ports statuses (switch only)
How many MACs can be assigned to the same port?

multiple
What MAC is stored for IPs outside the network?

The default gateway
login local

this is for ssh and defines the use of local usernames
transport input telnet ssh

(default is telnet and can be removed)
What is minimum config for ssh?

one username and password configured
service password-encryption

encrypts all existing and future passwords
enable secret

creates a password stored in MD5 hash (more secure)
Why program a default gateway on a switch?

overhead management traffic
interface vlan 1

cofigure vlan
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 or dhcp

cofigure ip add for port
no shutdown

turn port up
(Switch) ip default-gateway 192.168.1.1

only used for overhead management traffic
interface range FastEthernet 0/11 - 20

configure multiple ports
switchport access vlan #

set vlan number
duplex full

set port to transmit and recieve at the same time
speed 100

sets port speed to 100Mbs
description

set name on port
switchport mode access (optional)

sets a port for host use only
switch port-security violation actions
- protect
- restrict
- shutdown
switch port-security mac-address

to assign MAC
switch port-security mac-adddress sticky

to learn first incoming MAC and assign to port
Wireless LAN IEEE

802.11
802.11a/g

54MBs OFDM (a 5ghz
802.11b

DSSS 2.4ghz
AP

Access Point SSID
Service Set Identifier CSMA/CA

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision
Avoidance Intrusion Tools IDS

Intrusion Detection Systems
Avoidance Intrusion Tools IPS

Intrusion Prevention Systems
Avoidance Intrusion Tools SWAN

Structured Wireless-Aware Network
Cisco ASA

Adaptive Security Appliance (firewall and other tools)
WEP

Wired Equivalent Privacy - easily cracked
WPA

WI-FI protected access
(WPA 2) TKIP

Temporal Key Integrity
(WPA 2) MIC

Message Integrit Check
WPA2

includes AES Advanced Encryption Standard (802.11i)
ASN

Autonomous System Number - controlled by one orginization
Why are ASNs assigned

to prevent packets looping around global Internet
Who assigns ASNs?

ICANN - Internet Corporation for Assigned System Numbers
What are the Distance Vector Routing Protocols? RIP

RIP2 and IGRP (RIP measures hop count)
What are the Link-state Routing Protocols

OSPF and Integrated ISIS
What is the Balanced Hybrid Routing Protocol

EIGRP
NAT

network address translation
PAT

port address translation (tcp/udp)
Static Route (manual entry)

Used to identify networks that are not directly connected to a router.
What command identifies if a serial link is DCE or DTE?

show controllers serial
show ip route

show all routes in a router
show ip route 192.168.1.15

shows the interface used to route to a specific IP
traceroute

shows the recieving routers interface
Ctrl-shift-F6

to suspend telnet
resume #

to resume telnet (if session # is not identifed
What is placed in routing table if the interface is up/up

A Connected Route
How to configure RIP

router rip
version 2
Network 199.1.1.0
*Classful mask C
**R in routing table
passive-interface fa0/1

removes RIP from an interface
Set Default Gateway

Default gateway
0.0.0.0--0.0.0.0--172.16.3.2
(S* in table)
Gateway of last resort

default gateway
show cdp neighbors

show local and remote interface and model # (platform)
show cdp neighbors detail

shows distant ends ip address
NAT

Network Address Translation (changes network portion of ip)
PAT

Port Address Translation (changes network ip and port #)
What does NAT and PAT change

source field information
What is address translation is more commonly performed?

PAT although it is refered to as NAT
SDM

Cisco Router and Security Device Manager (program DHCP and PAT)
Inside local

LAN Address before NAT or PAT
Inside Global

default gateway global Internet Address after NAT or PAT
Cicuit Switching

point to point (layer 1)
Packet Switching

multipoint (layer 2 - ATM and Frame Relay)
ATM

"sends ""cells"" at 53 bytes fixed length"
SAR

Segment and Reassembly of ATM Cells
VPI

Virtual Path Identifier
VCI

Virtual Channel Identifier
Frame Relay

"sends ""frames"" that are variable in length"
SOHO

Small Office Home Office
ADMIN DISTANCES Connected

0
ADMIN DISTANCES Static

1
ADMIN DISTANCES EIGRP

90
ADMIN DISTANCES IGRP

100
ADMIN DISTANCES OSPF

110
ADMIN DISTANCES IS-IS

115
ADMIN DISTANCES RIP (V1 and V2)

120
ADMIN DISTANCES Unknown or Unbelievable

255
Line Protocol Status Admin down; down

interface has shutdown configured on it
Line Protocol Status Down; down

physical layer issue
Line Protocol Status Up; down

layer 2 issue ( ppp on one side hdlc on the other)
Line Protocol Status Up; up

all is well the interface is functioning
How do routers learn routes?

They learn their connected routes and advertise them
What is common reason for routes not being advertised?

The subnets are incorrect
When a host is connected to multiple routers which one does it choose?

The hosts default gateway
What is the purpose of Route Summarization?

to reduce the size of routing tables
Auto Summarization

summarizes networks with classful network mask
Manual Summarization

allows engineer has control network summaries (flexibile)
Covergence

process that occurs when a routing protocol identifies change
Ethernet Cables Hubs and Switches transmit on?

pin 3 and pin 6
Ethernet Cables all except Hubs and Switches transmit on?

pin 1 and pin 2 Routers;PCs;Wireless Access Points and Network Printers
Ethernet Cables Straight through

pins same on both ends
Ethernet Cables Crossover

1 and 2 connected to 3 and 6 on the other end
Ethernet Cables Rollover

pins are totally opposite so that 1 connects to 8 (for console)
Login Console

SSH and Telnet take you to user EXEC mode
Enter the enable command to?

enter privileged (enable) mode
Enter the Disable command to?

to exit privileged mode
IGMP

Internet Group Management Protocol
ARPA

Advanced Research Project Agencies (IP with Ethernet II)
Class A

1-126
private
10 to but not including 11
*One Class A network
Class B

128-191
private
172.16 to but not including 172.32
*16 Class B networks
Class C

192-223
private
192.168 to but not icluding 192.169
*256 Class C networks
Reserved IP Addresses

0; 127 and above 224(to 255) reserved
Where is the list of know MAC addresses located on a device?

The ARP cache
How do you identify the IOS version and configure register setting?

Show version
What is the config-register setting�USE the startup-config configuration (normal setting)?

0x2102
What is the the config-register setting to IGNORE the startup-config?

0x2142

Author

jordajo

177191

Card Set

CCNET All

Description

CCNET All

Updated

10/12/2012, 7:08:30 PM

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