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Nelikya
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Which of the following best represents the normal range for systemic arterial peak systolic pressure?
-d: 100mm Hg to 140 mm Hg
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Which of the following best represents the normal mean systemic arterial pressure range?
-d: 60 mm Hg to 90 mm Hg
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Which of the following best represents the normal systemic arterial end diastolic pressure range?
-d: 60 mm Hg to 90 mm Hg
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Which of the following best represents the normal left ventricular end diastolic pressure range?
-a: 3 mm Hg to 12 mm Hg
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The normal range for mean left atrial/pulmonary wedge pressure is:
-a: 2 mm Hg to 12 mm Hg
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The normal range for pulmonary artery peak systolic pressure is:
-b: 15 mm Hg to 30 mm Hg
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The normal range for pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure is:
-c: 4 mm Hg to 12 mm Hg
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The normal range for mean pulmonary artery pressure is:
-b: 9 mm Hg to 18 mm Hg
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The normal range for the right ventricular peak systolic pressure is:
-b: 15 mm Hg to 30 mm Hg
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. The normal range for right ventricular end diastolic pressure is:
-a: 2 mm Hg to 8 mm Hg
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. The normal range for the mean right atrial pressure is:
-a: 2 mm Hg to 8 mm Hg
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. Normally the peak arterial systolic pressure is equal to the peak systolic:
-d: left ventricle
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. Normally the left ventricular diastolic pressure is equal to the diastolic pressure of the:
-b: left atrium
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. The left atrial/pulmonary artery wedge pressure normally represents the diastolic pressure of the:
-d: left ventricle
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. The peak right ventricular systolic pressure normally is equal to the:
-b: pulmonary artery peak systolic
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The mean right atrial pressure normally is equal to the:
-d: right ventricular diastolic
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Assuming normal intracardia pressures, all of the following statements are true concerning blood flow during ventricular systole except blood travels from the:
-d: left atrium to the pulmonary arteries.
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When early ventricular systolic pressure exceeds atrial pressures the atrioventricular valves will:
-b: close
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When ventricular diastolic pressures fall below arterial pressure the semi-lunar valves will:
-a: open
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When ventricular diastolic pressure falls below atrial pressure the avtrioventricular valves will:
-b: close
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When ventricular pressure falls below atrial pressure in the atrioventricular valves will:
-a: open
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Atrioventricular valve regurgitation will increase the atrial wave call the:
-d: v
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Atrial fibrillation will cause which of the following atrial waves to be absent?
-a: a
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Atrioventricular valve stenosis will lead to an increase in the atrial wave called the:
-a: a wave
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Which of the following cardiac diseases is associated with steep atrial x and y descents?
-c: constrictive pericarditis
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. All of the following will directly increase ventricular systolic pressure except:
-b: mitral stenosis
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. All of the following cardiac diseases will lead to an increase in left ventricular end diastolic pressure except:
-c: tricuspid stenosis
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. All of the following may increase pulmonary artery pressures except:
-d: tricuspid regurgitation
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The right heart oxygen saturations normally are equal to approximately:
-c:75%
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Which of the following will normally have the lowest oxygen saturation level?
-b: superior vena cava
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The normal oxygen saturation level for the left heart is:
-d: 95%
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Which of the following normally has the lowest oxygen saturation level?
-b: coronary sinus
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Which of the following normally has the highest oxygen saturation level?
-d: pulmonary veins
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What effect will supine to standing have on venous return and ventricular volume?
-c: decrease
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Supine to standing will increase the intensity of all murmurs except:
-c: hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
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What effect will standing to suppine have on venous return and ventricular stroke volume?
-a: increase
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Standing to supine will increase the intensity of all murmurs except:
-c: hypertropic obstructive cardiomyopathy
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Which of the following has the same physiologic effect as standing to supine?
-c: passive leg raising
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Which effect will standing to squatting have on venous return and ventricular stoke volume?
-a: increase
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All of the following murmurs will increase in intensity with prompt squatting except:
-c: hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
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What effect will the strain phase of the Valsalva maneuver have on venous return and ventricular stroke volume?
-c: decrease
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Which of the following murmurs will increase the intensity with the Valsalva maneuver?
-d: hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
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. The isometric handgrip will increase all of the following except:
-a: respirations
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. Concerning the isometric handgrip, which of the following is incorrectly marked?
-d: valvular pulmonic stenosis: increased intensity
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. The in halation of amyl nitrite will increase all of the following murmurs except:
-d: ventricular septal defect
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. Amyl nitrite inhalation may elicit or enhance:
-a: mitral valve prolapse
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. What effect will inspiration have on venous return and ventricular stroke volume?
-a: increase
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. All of the following will increase in intensity with inspiration except:
-b: mitral regurgitation
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. What effect will inspiration have on the time interval between aortic valve closure and pulmonic valve closure?
-a: increase
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. What effect will expiration have on venous return and ventricular stroke volume?
-c: decrease
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. All of the following murmurs will increase in intensity with expiration except:
-d: pulmonary regurgitation
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. All of the following murmurs will decrease in intensity with expiration except:
-a: mitral regurgitation
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The two normal heart sounds are:
-a: S1, S2
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S1 is caused by:
-a: clsure of the atrioventricular valves
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The major component of the S1 heart sound is closure of the :
-b: mitral valve
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S2 is caused by the
-c: closure of the semilunar valves
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. S1 occurs when:
-b: ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure
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. According to the electrocardiogram, S1 coincides with the:
- -b: QRS complex
- . Compared to the mitral valve, the tricuspid valve closure normally occurs:
- -c: after
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S2 occurs when:
-c: ventricular pressure fallsw below arterial pressure
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In relation to the electrocardiogram, S2 occurs at the end of the:
-c: T wave
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. Compared to the aortic valve, the pulmonary valve normally closes:
-c: after
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Which one of the following organs has its primary function to provide for the mtabolic demands of the body?
-a: heart
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All of the flollowing are componentt parts of the circulation except:
-D: vasa vasorum
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The inner layer of a vessel wall is the tunica:
-c: intima
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The middle,thickes layer of a vessel wall is the tunica:
-b:media
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The other layer of a vessel wall is called the tunica:
-a: adventitia
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Which of the following provides oxygenated blood and nutrients to blood vessel walls?
-d: vasa vasorum
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which of the flollowing arteries conducts blood from the left ventricel to the peripheral arteries?
-a: aorta
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Which of the following arteries conducts blood formthe aorta to the various organs of the body?
-b: peripheral arteries
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Which of the following arteries act as control valves through which blood is metered into the capillaries?
-c: arterioles
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. which of the folloing provide for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and waste?
-d: capillaries
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. Which of the following vessels collect deoxygenated blood forom the capillaries?
-b: venules
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. Which of the following conducts dexogyentaed blood from the peripheral tissue to the hear?
-a: veins
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All of the following may affect cardiac performance except:
-d: blood velocity
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The amount of ventricular diastolic filling is called:
-a: preload
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The amount of preload may be measured clnically by:
-b: ventricular end-diastolic pressure
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According to the Frank-Starling law, an increase in preload may have which effect on cardiac performance?
-a: increase
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The resistance a ventricle encounters during ventricular systole is called:
-b: afterload
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What effect will an increase in afterload have on cardiac performance?
-c: decrease
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All o the following will increase afterload except:
-b: anemia
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The inherent property of the ventricle to contract is called:
-c: cor triatriatum
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Which of the following will directly affect myocardial contractility?
-b: myocardial infarction
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. According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, a decrease in heart rate my have which effect on cardiac performance?
-a: increase
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. which of the following will enhance cardiac cell excitability, pacemaker firing rate, conduction speed and contractility?
-b: sympathetic nervous system
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. Which of the following will decrease cardiac cell excitability, pacemaker fring rate, conduction speed and contractility?
-a: parasympathetic nervous system
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The term bathomotropic refers to:
-a: excitability
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. The term chronotropic refers to:
-b: pacemaker firing rate
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. The term dromotropic refers to:
-c: rate of conduction
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. The term inotropic refers to:
-d: contractility
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Coronary artery blood flow occurs predominatly during
-b: ventricular diastole
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Significant cornoary artery disease is present when the percent decrease in cornoary artery diameter is at least:
-c: 70%
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Which of the following pathologies would most liely affect coronary artery circulation:
-c: aortic regurgitation
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An increase in left ventricular diastolic pressure may have which effect on cornoary circulation?
-c: decrease
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An increase in heart rate will have which effect on cornoary circulation?
-c: decrease
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The establishment of collateral circulationwill have which effect on cronary circulation?
-a: increase
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The two distinct fraction s of blood are plasma and:
-d: formed elements
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All of the following are a component of the formed elements of lbood excpet:
-d: plasma
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Red blood cells are also referred to as
-b: erythrocytes
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White blood cells are also referred to as:
-c: leukocytes
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Platelets are also referred to as
-d: thrombocytes
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The fluid that carries the formed elements of blood is called:
-d: plasma
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The percentage of red blood cells present is called:
-c:hematocrit
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The percentage of plasma present is:
-c: plasmacrit
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An increase in the number of red blood cells is:
-b: polycythemia
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A decrease in the number of red blood cells is:
-a: anemia
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An increase in the number of white blood cells is:
-d: leukocytosis
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A decrease in the number of white blood cells is:
-c: leukopenia
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