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peripheral nervous system part 1
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Define Efferent Nerves
Nerves that transmit messages from the CNS to the rest of the body
Define Afferent Nerves
Nerves that send messages back to the CNS
Sympathetic Nerves
"Fight or Flight"
Nerves which facilitate mobilization of the body for quick action
The chemical messenger is Norepinephrine or epinephrine
sympathetic stimulation of the heart
increased heart rate/impulses
sympathetic stimulation of the lungs
bronchial relaxation
sympathetic stimulation of the blood vessels
constriction
sympathetic stimulation of the Gi tract
decreased movement
sympathetic stimulation of the GU tract
(detrusor) - relaxation (holds urine)
(Sphincter) - Contraction (holds urine)
Parasympathetic Nerves
"Feed & breed"
Nerves which direct restorative and conservative processes
The chemical messenger is Acetylcholine
parasympathetic stimulation of the GI tract
increased movement
parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
decreased heart rate/inpulse conduction
parasympathetic stimulation of the blood vessels
dilation
parasympathetic stimulation of the lungs
increased mucus
parasympathetic stimulation of the eye
decreased intraocular pressure
parasympathetic stimulation of the GU tract
(detrusor) - contraction (urination)
(sphincter) - relaxation (urination)
Sympathomimetic Agent uses
Hypertension
Shock
Heart block
Asthma
Decongestant
Depression
The effects of these agents are complex and depend upon the specific receptor where the drugs exert their action.
Sympathomimetic Agent side effects
High blood pressure
Increased heart rate
Depends on the receptor site where drugs exert effects
Sympatholytic (Adrenergic Blocking) Agents Uses:
Hypertension
Heart disease
Migraine headaches
Sympatholytic (Adrenergic Blocking) Agent Mechanism of Action
Oppose the action of the natural messengers, epinephrine and Norepinephrine, as their receptor sites
Often referred to as adrenergic antagonists (blockers)
Sympatholytic (Adrenergic Blocking) Agent Side Effects
Dizziness
Fainting
Nasal stuffiness
B-1 receptors affect the
heart
B-2 receptors affect the
lungs
Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergic) Agent Uses
Glaucoma
Bladder problems
Gastrointestinal problems
Alzheimer's disease
Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergic) Agent Mechanism of Action
Salvation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Mimic actions of Acetylcholine
Enhance the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system
Opposes the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
May be direct action on cholinergic receptors or an indirect action through inhibition of enzymes that destroy Acetylcholine
Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergic) Agent side effects
Diarrhea
Bradycardia
Miosis
Decreased blood pressure
Bronchoconstriction
Sweating
Parasympatholytic (Anticholinergic) Agents uses
Anti-spasmodics
Anti-Parkinsonism
Bronchial disorders
Eye exams
Motion sickness
Treatment of overactive bladder
Parasympatholytic (Anticholinergic) Agents side effects
Urinary retention
Tachycardia
Dry mouth
Constipation
Mydriasis
Parasympatholytic (Anticholinergic) Agents mechanism of action
Inhibit or reverse the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system
Bind with the cholinergic receptors and prevent binding of Acetylcholine (they are antagonists)
Neuromuscular Blocking Agent uses
Preoperative skeletal muscle relaxation
Neuromuscular Blocking Agent mechanism of action
Blocks the transmission of nerve impulses to skeletal muscles resulting in paralysis of skeletal muscle
There is a narrow therapeutic index with these agents. When these drugs are used, life sustaining respiratory support equipment must be available.
Local Anesthetic Uses
minor surgery
Local Anesthetic mechanism of action
Block conduction of impulses along nerves and prevents the sensation of pain from reaching brain
Local Anesthetic side effects
Allergy
Author
deamon
ID
177586
Card Set
peripheral nervous system part 1
Description
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Updated
10/14/2012, 7:37:33 PM
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