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Define Efferent Nerves
Nerves that transmit messages from the CNS to the rest of the body
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Define Afferent Nerves
Nerves that send messages back to the CNS
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Sympathetic Nerves
- "Fight or Flight"
- Nerves which facilitate mobilization of the body for quick action
- The chemical messenger is Norepinephrine or epinephrine
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sympathetic stimulation of the heart
increased heart rate/impulses
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sympathetic stimulation of the lungs
bronchial relaxation
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sympathetic stimulation of the blood vessels
constriction
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sympathetic stimulation of the Gi tract
decreased movement
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sympathetic stimulation of the GU tract
- (detrusor) - relaxation (holds urine)
- (Sphincter) - Contraction (holds urine)
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Parasympathetic Nerves
- "Feed & breed"
- Nerves which direct restorative and conservative processes
- The chemical messenger is Acetylcholine
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parasympathetic stimulation of the GI tract
increased movement
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parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
decreased heart rate/inpulse conduction
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parasympathetic stimulation of the blood vessels
dilation
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parasympathetic stimulation of the lungs
increased mucus
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parasympathetic stimulation of the eye
decreased intraocular pressure
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parasympathetic stimulation of the GU tract
- (detrusor) - contraction (urination)
- (sphincter) - relaxation (urination)
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Sympathomimetic Agent uses
- Hypertension
- Shock
- Heart block
- Asthma
- Decongestant
- Depression
- The effects of these agents are complex and depend upon the specific receptor where the drugs exert their action.
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Sympathomimetic Agent side effects
- High blood pressure
- Increased heart rate
- Depends on the receptor site where drugs exert effects
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Sympatholytic (Adrenergic Blocking) Agents Uses:
- Hypertension
- Heart disease
- Migraine headaches
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Sympatholytic (Adrenergic Blocking) Agent Mechanism of Action
- Oppose the action of the natural messengers, epinephrine and Norepinephrine, as their receptor sites
- Often referred to as adrenergic antagonists (blockers)
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Sympatholytic (Adrenergic Blocking) Agent Side Effects
- Dizziness
- Fainting
- Nasal stuffiness
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B-1 receptors affect the
heart
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B-2 receptors affect the
lungs
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Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergic) Agent Uses
- Glaucoma
- Bladder problems
- Gastrointestinal problems
- Alzheimer's disease
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Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergic) Agent Mechanism of Action
- Salvation
- Lacrimation
- Urination
- Defecation
- Mimic actions of Acetylcholine
- Enhance the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system
- Opposes the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
- May be direct action on cholinergic receptors or an indirect action through inhibition of enzymes that destroy Acetylcholine
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Parasympathomimetics (Cholinergic) Agent side effects
- Diarrhea
- Bradycardia
- Miosis
- Decreased blood pressure
- Bronchoconstriction
- Sweating
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Parasympatholytic (Anticholinergic) Agents uses
- Anti-spasmodics
- Anti-Parkinsonism
- Bronchial disorders
- Eye exams
- Motion sickness
- Treatment of overactive bladder
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Parasympatholytic (Anticholinergic) Agents side effects
- Urinary retention
- Tachycardia
- Dry mouth
- Constipation
- Mydriasis
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Parasympatholytic (Anticholinergic) Agents mechanism of action
- Inhibit or reverse the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system
- Bind with the cholinergic receptors and prevent binding of Acetylcholine (they are antagonists)
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Neuromuscular Blocking Agent uses
Preoperative skeletal muscle relaxation
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Neuromuscular Blocking Agent mechanism of action
- Blocks the transmission of nerve impulses to skeletal muscles resulting in paralysis of skeletal muscle
- There is a narrow therapeutic index with these agents. When these drugs are used, life sustaining respiratory support equipment must be available.
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Local Anesthetic Uses
minor surgery
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Local Anesthetic mechanism of action
Block conduction of impulses along nerves and prevents the sensation of pain from reaching brain
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Local Anesthetic side effects
Allergy
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