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*X-ray Definitions
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Density (Film)
Density is directly related to the quantity of x-rays produced (mAS)
Contrast (radiographic)
Different densities (black and white). High contrast (short scale) very white and very black; low contrast (long scale) more shades of gray.
What is contrast inversely related to?
kVp
What happens to contrast kV is increased?
Decrease contrast/ more grays
What happens to contrast kV is decreased?
Increased contrast/ more black and white
What do geometric factors include?
Focal spot size
FFD
OFD
xray machine alignment
patient placement
Distortion
Misrepresentation of the size or shape of an object.
Detail
Degree of film sharpness
How do you improve detail?
Smaller focal spot
Collimation
Increase FFD
Decreased OFD
grids
patient positioning
machine alignment
shorter exposure time
Penumbra
Area of unsharpness or fuzziness
What happens when penumbra is increased?
Larger focal spot size
lack of collimation
decrease FFD
increase OFD
Primary radiation
The purpose of exposing the film (the useful beam).
*
Scatter radiation
Secondary radiation produced by an absorber (body), produced film fog.
FFD Focal Film Distance
(Also TFD, SID, SFD) Distance between the focal spot and the film.
If you increase FFD what happens?
Decreases magnification
OFD Object Film Distance
Always decrease as much that is practical to decrease magnification.
Inverse square law
The intensity of the radiation varies inversely with the square of the distance.
Inverse square law: what happens if you double the distance (FFD)?
Decrease of intensity of the radiation to 1/4 and requires a compensatory increase of the mAs by 4x's.
Anode heel effect
Due to the angle (bevel) intensity.
INCREASES slowly towards CATHODE; and DECREASES rapidly towards the ANODE.
Air gap technique
Reducing scatter radiation. between 10-15cm from the film.
What is the disadvantage of the air gap technique?
increases magnification
Rectification
converting AC current to DC current
15% Rule
Increase kVp by 15% double the mAs.
Wolff's Law
Bone deposition occurs along the lines of increased mechanical stress.
Hueter-volkmann Law
Pressure on a growth plate retards the rate of growth, traction accelerates.
Author
sirius
ID
177590
Card Set
*X-ray Definitions
Description
NBCE 2
Updated
10/15/2012, 3:22:55 AM
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