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What field does Art History sometimes over lap with
- Aesthetics: Inquiry into nature and beauty.
- Art Criticism
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What is Art Criticism
explanation of events to the general public via the press
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In what two ways is art generally analyzed in
Formal Analysis and Contextual Analysis
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What is Formal Analysis
focus on the visual qualities of the art work
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What is Contextual Analysis
Looking outside the art work to find a meaning
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Why is direct examination of art work ideal? What makes sculpture difficult to anaylize in photo.
Much is lost in reproduction. In the case of sculpture scale and quality is not captured in photography and photos can lack transition from lights to darks
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In what centry did art history arise in
18th
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Which ancient Roman sought to analyze historical art? In what piece did he do this
Pliny the Elder in Natural History
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Which rennaissance author/artist recorded biographies of artist. In what text was this done?
Giorgio Vasari in his text The Lives of the Italian Artist
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What are consiered the oldest forms of art?
Chauvet Cave paintings in southeastern France
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What time range do the Chauvet Cave paintings date from
30,000 B.C.E. (old stone age)
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What was used in the Chauvet Cave paintings
Minimal use of yellow and red orche and black charcoal
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Which other two areas have seen famous cave paintings What caves
other parts of France and Spain; Lascauz and Altamira caves
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What is a well known group of art from the Old Stone Age other than cave paintings
small stone female figures with exaggerated breasts, bellies and pubic areas.
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What is the most famous women figure from the old stone age
Venus of Willendof
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Which art piece is most associated with the new stone age
Stonehenge
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where is Stonehenge located
Salisbury Plain in Whitshire England
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What is the outermost ring of Stonehenge, what is the innre ring
Huge Sarsen Stones and the inner being Bluestones
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What direction does the "heel sone" of Stonehenge face
Sun rise on the mid summer solstice
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What was the first important group of Mesopotamia
4000 B.C.E was teh Sumerians
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What art forms were the Sumerians known for
Massive temples and large stepped pyramids known as Ziggurats
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Which group took control from the Sumerians
Te rule of Sargon of Akkhad. The Akkadians
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What was the next known group of Mesopotamia after the Akkadians
The Babylonians built around king Hammurabi... we all know about his codes
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Which art piece of the Babylonians is held in Lourve Museum
stone stele whicch has Hammurabi's codes engraved on them
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Which group dominated Northern Mesopotamia as the Sumerians, Akkadians and Babylonians took the south
The Assyrians
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What art work were the Assyrians known for
relief carvings depicting battles or hunts
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Persian art flourished in present day ________. What was the Persians most impressive architectual achievement
Iran. Persepolis
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What 3 cultures were precursors to Greek art
Cycladic, Minoan and Mycenaean
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Who were the Cycladic
Earliest of the pre-Greek cultures of the Aegean islands they focused on geometric nude figures
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Who were the Minoan
Predecessors of the Cycladic culture, they are believed to have taken over. Center on the city of Knossos on Crede the idea of the Minotaur originates here.
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The fall of the Minoan culture coincides with the pinnacle of which other culture? Describe them
Mycenaean, centered around Mycenae they built elaborate tombs and allowed for large numbers of objects to be buried
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What is Corinthian style
Set of figures against floral, ornamented backgrounds
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Where is the best known Greek art found
From the city of Athens from teh Classical Period
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How were temples built during the early classical period
With simple doric columns
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What was the Classical period characterized by
Solemnity, strength, and simplicity
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What pose did Greek Statuary create, what is it?
Contropposto which is opening the body to advantage. Firgure stands with weight shifted to one foot for more relaxed, natural look
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What temple is indentified in the Middle Classical Period? Which civilization destroyed it?
Parthenon destroyed by the Persians in 480 B.C.E.
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How were Temples built during the Late Classical Period in Athens
Still using doric columns, the introduction to Corinthian columns was bein used too
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What is the Hellenstic Period (331-23 B.C.E) characterized by? Give two art examples
Infleunce of Eastern art (Asian). Two notable works are Venus de Milo and Laocoon Group
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What is the Etruscan Art period characterized by
Transition from Greece art to Roman they rose in modern day Italy. Known for tomb decoration and mastery of Clay and Bronze work
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What did early Roman art resemble? What about after the second century
Early art resembled Etruscan art, but later art resembled Greek
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What was Roman culture held responsible for discovering? How did it change architecture
Equivalent to modern cement which lead to a material sturdy enough for domed buildings
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What did the Romans pioneer
Curved Archs and Aqueducts
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What two buildings can still be seen in Rome?
Collosseum adn Pantheon
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What art work is eastern art most known for
Mosiacs
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In Christian art, it's content can best be viewed and studied where?
Churchs of Ravenna in present day italy
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What is the Byzantines most notable architecture work
Hagia Sophia in Constantinople
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Why was art only focued on by Noble and the Church in the medieval times
Population was illiterate and educations was reserved
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What two manuscripts are noticed as examples of medieval art
Books of Kells and Coronation Gospels
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How did the art of Vikings transition to Englsih and Celtic Ireland? What did it come to be known as
Viking invasion with sculpture and carvings in ships. The style was termed Hiberno-Saxon
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What form of art became dominant in late medieval art
churches
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How were Romanesque churches known for
tunneled arches called barrell vaults (vaults: arch used as ceiling of support to roof)
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What is a characteristic of Gothic style? What is Gothic style charged with innovating
Pointed arches. Development of the flying butress to relieve the stress of large ribbed vaults
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Who was Lorezno Ghiberti?
Winner of a 1400 competition held in Florence for design of doors he won. he created doors of classical Greece style depicting the sacrafices of Isaac. He was commissioned for a second set which took 25 years to complete. Michaelangelo reffered to the second set as "Gates to Paradise"
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Who was Filippo Brunelleschi?
Second place in the 1400 Florence competition he created the dome of an uncompleted church creating a double shelled dome design. He was credited with creation of linear (single vanashing point) perspectives
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Give a description of Donatello
Rennaissance artist considered to be the founder of modern sculpture. Towards the end of his life he was known for naturalism and expression of character
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What is Donatello's most known sculpture
David, first known for freestanding nude figure
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Which artist was known for the painting of The Birth of Venus. What does this piece show
Botticelli. Shows a long necked venus wth flowing hair, one of the first nude female paintings
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Which two artists are the models for the term "Rennaissance Man"
Leonardo da Vinci and Michaelangelo
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What is da Vinci known for?
A great inventor he designed the locks for control of water levels and models of submarines nad helicopters.
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What are da Vinci's two most famous paintings? What style did he create
The Last Supper and Mona Lisa. He created the Sfumato style (fumo meaning smoke in Italian) sublte blending
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What statue is Micahelangelo known for ?
His difficult to complete because of a crack in the marble depiction of David
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Who commissioned Michaelangelo to design his tomb? What three pieces did Micaelangelo create for this purpose
Pope Julius II. Moses, The Dying Slave and The Bound Slave
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What did Pope Julius II come back to Michaelangelo to do
The Sistien Chapel
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Who was the most influencial painter of the High Renaissance period
Raphael Sanzio who was brought to Rome for commission for Julius II. He learned much from Micaelangelo
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What is considered Raphael's master work
Sistine Madonna (Image of teh Virgin Mary)
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Which painter is credited with leaving the norm and making the subject of a painting the envirnment and not a person? Which piece is an example of this
Giorgione. The Tempest
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Which Venetian painter is linked with Mannerism? What is Mannerism
Tinoretto. Mannerism: distortion of elements like scale and use of acidic colors and twisted position of subjects
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Tinoretto was known for using _________ which is dramatic contrasts of dark and light
Chiaroscuro
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Which artist is known for the counter reform period
Dominikos Theotokopoulos or El Greco
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What makes nothern renaisance art more detailed than southern
Oil Painting
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Which are the two great renaissance artist of northern europe
Matthias Grunewald and Albretch Durer
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What is Grunewald known for? what pieces
Depiction of christian scenes. Isenhem Alterpiece, his greatest materpiece
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What as Durer known for
Naturalistic ideals and his painting of The Four Horseman of teh Apocalypse
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