Paramedic CH 10

• Schedule I High abuse potential no medical purpose
• Schedule II Legit medical purpose
• Schedule III Lower abuse than Sched II
• Schedule IV Lower abuse than III
• Schedule V Lower abuse than IV

Heroin, Marijuana, LSD

High abuse potential no medical purpose

Fentanyl, Methylphenidate (Ritalin), Cocaine

Legit Medical Purpose

Hydrocodone (Vicodin), Acetaminophen with codeine, Ketamine

Diazepam (Valium), Lorazepam (Ativan)

Narcotic cough medicines

The Chemical name, The Generic Name, and the Brand name which is chosen by the manufacturer and approved by the FDA

• Medication Names
• Category or class of medication
• Uses/Indication
• Mechanism of action (pharmacodynamics)
• Pregnacy Risk factors
• Contraindications
• Available forms
• Dosage
• Administration and monitoring considerations
• Potential incompatibility
• Adverse effects
• Pharmacokinetics

the alteration a function or process within the body an administered medication gives

The action of the body on a medication

• 1. Channels permitting the passage of ions in cell walls may be opened or closed.
• 2. A biochemical messenger becomes activated, initiating other chemical reactions within the cell.
• 3. a normal cell function is prevented.
• 4. a normal or abnormal function of the cell begins.

Initiate or alter a cellular activity by attaching to receptor sites, prompting a cell response.

prevent endogenous or exogenous agonist chemicals from reaching cell receptor sites and initiating or altering a particular cellular activity.

is the ability of a medication to bind with a particular receptor site.

Temporarily bind with cellular receptor sites, displacing agonist chemicals.

Premanently bind with receptor sites and prevent activation by agonist chemicals.

• Chemical attach to cellular receport sites.
• Binds to receptor but doesn't initiate as much cellular activity or change like other agonists.

Age, Weight, Environment, Genetic Factors, Pregnancy, and Psychosocial Factors

The relationship between the median effective does and the median lethal dose or median toxic dose.

When repeated exposures to a medication within a particular class has the potential to cause a tolerance to other medications in that same class.

When repeated doses of medications within a short time rapidly cause tolerance, making the medication virtually ineffective.

• Stimulants cause a transient increase in physical, mental, or emotional performance.
• Caffeine, cocaine, and amphetamines

• Medications and chemicals, in contrast to stimulants, reduce CNS and sympathetic nervous system funtioning, causing sedation, anxiolysis, respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension.
• Benzodiazepines, alcohol, and opiods

Absorption and distribution

Medication metabolism and elimination

The bodies ability to regenerate cells

The percentage of the unchanged medication that reaches systemic circulation.

*Medications delivered by IV route by definition have 100% bioavalibility.

• The blood-brain barrier, blood-placenta barrier, and the blood-testes barrier.
• prevents the passage of medicaiton molecules through openings in capillary walls.

• 1. an inactive substance can become active, capable of producing desired or unwanted clinical effects.
• 2. An active medication can be changed into another active medication.
• 3. An active medication can be completely or partially inactivated.
• 4. a medication can be transformed into a substance that is easier for the body to eliminate.

In the liver!

P-450

Kidneys, skin, lungs, GI tract, and many others.

Zero-order elimination and first-order eliminiation

a fixed amount of a substance is removed during a certain period, regardless of the total amount in the body.

• The rate of elimination is directly influenced by the plasma levels of the substance.
• *Majority of medications and chemicals undergo this type of elimination.

The Institute for Safe Medication Practices.

• Right Patient
• Medication
• Dose
• Route
• Time
• Documentation and reporting

• Alpha-1
• Alpha-2
• Beta-1
• Beta-2
• Dopaminergic
• Nicotinic
• Muscarinic-2

Vasoconstrict of arteries and veins

• Insulin restriction
• Glucagon secretion
• Inhibition of norepinephrine release

• Affects the Heart
• Increase HR
• Increase contractility
• Increase Conduction
• Renin secretion for urinary retention

• Lungs
• Bronchus and bronchiole relaxation
• Insulin secretion
• Uterine relaxation
• Arterial dilation in key organs

Vasodilation of renal and mesenteric arteries

Present at neuormuscular juntion, allowing acetylcholine to stimulate muscle contration

Present in the heart; activated by ACh to offset sympathetic stimulation, decreasing HR, contractility, and electrical conduction velocity.