SUR 101 Ch. 7

disease immunity established through cellular memory following exposure to the disease antigen

production of antibodies which combat a specific disease

chemical agent used specifically for treatment of bacterial infection

macromolecules on the surface of cells that identify them as part of the organism or foreign

primitive, single-celled prokaryotes

spread of infection from one part of the body to another part

rod-shaped bacteria that occur in pairs, chains or filaments

virus that invades bacterial cells and can replicate from within the cell

unicellular microorganism with rigid cell wall

method of classifying living organisms by genus and species

measure of number of bacterial colonies on a surface

surface layer on some cells that resists chemicals and invasion of viruses

protein substance containing genetic code of the cell

round or spherical bacteria that occur in chains, pairs or clusters

relationship between two organisms in which one uses the other for physiological needs but causes it no harm

spread of infection from one person to another or from object to person

substance contained within the cell which contains fluid cystosol and functional "organs" of cell

separation of tissue edges of a surgical wound

mechanism for adjusting amount of light entering microscope

uniform dispersal of particles in a solution or across a membrane

process by which cell engulfs large particles in environment

extension of nuclear membrane in the cell that facilitates the movement of protein out of nucleus

bacterial toxins associated with outer membrane of certain Gram-negative bacteria - released when cells are disrupted or broken down

basic type of cell - surrounded by membrane and contains complex organs for metabolism and reproduction

protrusion of internal organ through a wound or surgical incision

process in which substances are removed from a cell

toxic substances produced by microorganisms and excreted outside bacterial cell

ability of some organisms to live with or without oxygen

intermediate, inanimate source in process of disease transmission

extension of endomembrane of cell that stores, modifies and transports large molecules

breakdown or rupture of red blood cells

nonspecific immunity present from birth - body's normal physiologic reaction to injury

process whereby viruses replicate their genetic material and then cause host cell to rupture, releasing genetic material

organelle capable of releasing enzymes to kill the cell

organelle that synthesizes ATP to provide cellular energy

relationship of two organisms of different species in which both benefit by the association

referring to fungi

region of prokaryotic cell where DNA is located but not enclosed

organielle inside nucleus that contains proteins necessary for cell reproduction

movement of substances or liquid by diffusion or osmosis

having developed pus and fluid

developed first smallpox vaccination in 1796

first practiced surgery using antiseptic practices in 1867

developed first rabies vaccine in 1885

discovered penicillin in 1928

7 classifications of biology system

classifications of microbes

cell theory developed in 1600s

basic type of cell

what facilitates movement of protein out of the nucleus?

what stores and modifies large molecules and transports them inside the cell?

what is responsible mainly for synthesizing ATP?

what is the primary structural difference between prokaryote and eukaryote?

movement of liquid through a semipermeable membrane

process in which the cell engulfs large particles from outside the cell

cell takes in water and small particles by surrounding them with a membrane-covered blister or vesicle

large particles engulfed and digested by the cell

contents of lysosome released from the cell

gram-positive bacteria

gram-negative bacteria

2 dyes used in gram staining

what is acid-fast staining technique primarily used for?

what acid-fast stain test is most commonly used?

what is involved in Ziehl-Neelsen test?

2 main types of microscopes

bacteria that cause infection

pyogenic bacteria

bacteria that produce spores can live in temp ranges of what?

at what pH level can Helicobacter pylori invade gastric mucosa and reproduce?

2 important spore-forming bacteria

dormant phase in reproductive cycle in which bacteria form a thick, multilayered protein wall around genetic material which can resist boiling, drying, chemical destruction and high pressure

4 bacterial characteristic phases of growth

phase of bacterial growth in which the bacterial do not divide, but are processing or synthesizing components for cell division

phase of bacterial growth in which cell division rate is conostant and rapid

bacterial growth rate in exponential phase

phase of bacterial growth in which cell division stops

phase of bacterial growth in which bacteria can no longer survive and colony dies out

most widespread cause of surgical site infections

examples of Gram-positive cocci

what is the primary cause of pneumonia and otitis media?

examples of aerobic Gram-negative rods and cocci

examples of spore-forming bacteria

most common cause of urinary tract infections

type of bacteria carried by specific species of ticks, mites, and fleas

nonliving infectious agent that ranges in size from 10 to 300 nm

pathogenicity of viruses

HIV can be transmitted through what body fluids?

disease of liver that is caused by one of 5 significant viruses

how are hepatitis B, C and D viruses transmitted?

how are hepatitis A and E viruses transmitted?

incubation period of hepatitis B

causal agent of liver cancer

predictors for HPV in women

most important prion disease

requirements for infection

completely free of all microorganisms

portals of entry

phases of disease

for what types of infections are antibiotics used?

main mechanisms of antimicrobial therapy

second most frequent type of HAI in US hospitals

2 general types of immunity

immunity that exists from time of birth

body's defense mechanisms against infection

functions of resident flora

4 classic signs of inflammation

2 types of acquired immunity

active immunity developed in 2 ways:

passive immunity occurs when:

2 main types of vaccinations

4 categories of allergic reactions

most extreme form of type I allergic reaction

example of type II allergic reaction

example of type III allergic reaction

example of type IV allergic reaction