Chapter Five

Oldest technique of looking at how the brain works.

The removal or destruction of a portion of the brain of a lab animal; presumably, the functions that can no longer be performed are the ones the region previously controlled.

Another word for the damage done to the brain in experimental ablation.

An ablation technique where you insert wire into the brain that emits a high radio frequency, and it kills everything close by (whole neurons and axons)

An ablation technique that uses an exitatory amino acid, kills only cell body, not axons of nearbyb cells. Stimulates cells to death.

An ablation technique that is like a placebo or control. You perform surgery, not do not damage the brain. Can see if an animal's personality changes simply from opening the skull cap.

Usually lesions are permanent, but sometimes scientists use an anesthetic into a brain that blcoks action potentials to that part of the brain for a short time. This is called...

Brain surgery using a stereotaxic apparatus to position an electronde or cannula in a specified position of the brain.

A device that permits a surgeon to position an electrode or cannula into a specific part of the brain.

A collection of drawings of sections of the brain of a particular animal with measurements that provide coordinates for stereotaxic surgery

A histological method that labels the axons and terminal buttons of neurons whose cell bodies are located in a particular region

Antereograde labeling is used to trace what?

A protein derived from kidney beans and used as an anterograde tracer; taken up by dendrites and cell bodies and carried to the ends of the axons.

A histological method that labels cell bodies that give rise to the terminal buttons that form synapses with cells in a particular region. 

A dye that serves as a retrograde label; taken up by terminal buttons and carried back to the cells.

Retrograde labeling method is used to trace what?

The use of a device that employs a computer to analyze data obtained by a scanning beam of X-rays to produce a two-dimension picture of a "slice" through the body

More detialed than CT scan, no X-rays, uses magnetic field that detects radiation of hydrogen molecules in the brain's horizontal, sagittal, and frontal planes.

A very fine electrode generally used to record activity of individual neurons, or single-unit recording.

An electrode used to record the electrical activity of large numbers of neurons in a particular region of the brain.

An electrical brain potential recorded by placing electrodes on the scalp.

The use of a devce that reveals the localization of a radioactive tracer in a living brain.

As neural activity increases, what happens to metabolic acitvity?

This uses radioactive labeling of a non-metabolizable chemical.

A modification of the MRI procedure that permits the meaurement of regional metabolism of the brain

This compares the concordance rates of traits between monozygotic pairs and dizygotic pairs.

If both twins have a certain trait (such as a disorder), they are said to be...

If one identical twin has schizophrenia, the chances the other one has it are? Fraternal twins?

Adoption studies require what?

Adoption studies are a stronger assessment of what influences?