The flashcards below were created by user
scrumpler1
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Pre Bop Players
- Art Tatum
- Charlie Christian
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Bop Pioneers
- Charlie Parker
- Dizzy Gillespie
- Bud Powell
- Kenny Clarke
- Thelonious Monk
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Cool Jazz Players
- Miles Davis
- Gerry Mulligan
- John Lewis and MJQ
- Paul Desmond
- Dave Brubeck
- Lennie Tristano
- Lee Konitz
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Hard Bop Players
- Art Blakey
- Horace Silver
- Clifford Brown
- Max Roach
- Cannonball Adderly
- Wes Montgomery
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Art Tatum
- Most extraordinary of all pianists and jazz musicians
- Legally blind but possessed no musical or technical limitations
- Reharmonized popular songs in ingenious way
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Charlie Christian
- Started the use of amplified guitar
- Influenced by Django Reinhardt
- Joined Benny Goodman Band in 1939 and also played at Minton's Playhouse
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Charlie Parker
- Alto Sax
- Product of Kansas City
- Nicknamed "Bird"
- Impacted all jazz players
- Created new jazz language (way of playing)
- 1945 recordings with Dizzy Gillespie
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Dizzy Gillespie
- Bebop Trumpet player
- Played with Billy Eckstein Band ("Bebop School")
- He put a band together that played latin jazz
- "Cubano Be", "Cubano Bop", "Manteca",
- Chano Pozó played with him (Cuban percussionist)
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Bud Powell
- Bebop pianist and composer
- Member of the Cootie Williams Band
- His method of left hand comping and right hand bebop melodies influenced all jazz pianists of the 1940s and after (most imitated bebop pianist)
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Kenny Clarke
- Bebop Drummer
- Moved beat from the bass drum to the ride cymbal achieving a lighter texture
- Used the bass drum for intermittent "punches" (called "dropping bombs")
- Played in the house band at Minton's Playhouse
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Thelonious Monk
- Bebop pianist
- Played in house band at Minton's Playhouse
- Hired first by Coleman Hawkins for recordings
- Unique player with emphasis on dissonance in both his melodic improvisations and his approach to comping.
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How Bebop is Different Than Swing
- Bebop used small group format
- Improvised solo was very important
- Tempos are faster
- Clarinet used infrequently
- Average level of proficiency was higher
- Less emphasis on arrangements
- Melodies and harmonies are more complex
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Minton's Playhouse
This is where bebop was born
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Contrafaction
Original melodies of standard popular songs were replaced with angular bebop melodies while the original chord progressions were retained
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Change in Rhythm Section playing with Bebop
- Bass was the primary time keeper and they were expected to be competent soloists.
- Drums had lighter texture (bass drum "bombs")
- Pianists used Count Basie's style of comping
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Cool Jazz Characteristics
- Little or no vibrato is used
- Each instrument represents a different tone color
- Works are highly arranged
- Players tend to play in the middle register
- Smoother, more melodic improvisations than in bebop
- More laid back, relaxed feeling than bebop
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Birth of the Cool
- Recordings done with Miles Davis nonet from 1948 to 1950
- These were done after Miles Davis left Charlie Parker in 1949
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Changes in Rhythm Section playing in Cool Jazz
- Advanced harmonies
- Drummer's role is reduced
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Miles Davis
- Important Cool Jazz trumpet player
- Recorded "Birth of the Cool"
- Had very nonaggressive sound
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Gerry Mulligan
- Baritone saxophonist, composer, and arranger
- Worked on the Birth of the Cool sessions
- Played in Quarted with Chet Baker
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John Lewis and the MJQ
- Began as rhythm section of late 1940s Dizzy Gillespie Big Band
- Consisted of John Lewis (pianist/composer), Kenny Clarke (drummer), Ray Brown (bassist), and Milt Jackson (vibraphonist)
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Paul Desmond
- Cool Jazz alto saxophonist
- He had a mellow tone and frequent understated improvisations
- Wrote "Take Five"
- Played with Dave Brubeck Quartet
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Dave Brubeck
- Cool Jazz pianist
- Had quartet with Paul Desmond
- He uses more reliant block chord voicings, which sometimes has dense quality and can be heavy handed
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Lennie Tristano
- Cool Jazz pianist, composer, leader, and teacher
- Create alternative style to Bebop
- Influenced by Art Tatum and Lester Young
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Lee Konitz
- Cool Jazz alto saxophonist
- His sound was more reminiscent of Lester Young
- He played on top of the beat, with less syncopation
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Hard Bop Characteristics
- Elements of gospel music and blues
- Early 1950s R&B influence
- Hard driving rhythmic feel
- Simpler melodies
- Small group arranging important for melody presentation
- More challenging chord progressions and forms
- Slower tempo than bebop
- Latin influence sometimes present
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Typical instrumentation of Hard Bop
- Tenor Sax
- Trumpet
- Bass
- Drums
- Piano
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Art Blakey
- Important hard bop drummer
- He incorporated African drumming concepts in his approach to playing jazz
- Formed the Jazz Messengers with Horace Silver, Hank Mobley and Kenny Dorham
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Horace Silver
- Hard bop pianist and composer
- Formed a quintet in 1956
- As a funk style pianist, his playing is very rhythmic and bluesy
- Wrote "The Preacher" and "Song for my Father"
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Clifford Brown
- Hard bop trumpet player and composer
- After playing with Art Blakey, he formed a quintet with Max Roach
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Max Roach
- Hard bop drummer
- Formed quintet with Clifford Brown
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Cannonball Adderly
- Hard bop alto saxophonist
- Had funky style like Horace Silver
- Had quintet with Nat Adderly (cornet), Bobby Timmons (piano), Louis Hayes (drums), Sam Jones (bass)
- Performed live in San Francisco's jazz workshop
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Wes Montgomery
- Hard bop guitarist
- Used his thumb for mellow sound
- Voiced guitar melodies in octaves
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Miles Davis's style characteristics
- Skillful timing and dramatic construction of line
- Used silence in his solos
- Used the harmon mute
- His flugelhorn playing
- Used little or no vibrato, characteristic of the cool style
- Played in middle register
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Miles Davis's Roots
- Born in Illinois and grew up in East St. Louis
- Began playing trumpet at age 13
- Filled in for Dizzy Gillespie and played with Charlie Parker
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Miles Davis's collaboration with Gil Evans
- They produced four albums of music arranged by Evans for an expanded jazz orchestra
- The orchestra featured Miles as a trumpet soloist
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Kind of Blue
This Miles Davis album introduced modal jazz
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Modal Jazz
This style opened a door for all jazz musicians to take a new approach to jazz improv and composition
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John Coltrane
- Tenor and soprano saxophonist
- Played in Miles Davis Quintet
- Used modal improvisation
- New rhythm section concepts (pedal point in bass)
- Model for tone color and rhythmic conception on sax
- System for juxtaposing/superimposing distantly related chords
- Made "sheets of sound" (played extremely complex subdivisions of rhythm)
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John Coltrane Quartet
- Formed after Coltrane left Miles Davis
- Elvin Jones (drums- intense sound, use of polyrhythms)
- McCoy Tyner (piano- modal comping and soloing, quartal piano voicings)
- Jimmy Garrison or Reggie Workman (bass)
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