neuro 2 tetanus alzheimers.txt

• acute infection of the nervous system caused by the potentially deadly bacillus bacteria Clostridum tetani
• C. tetani enters deep tissue and flourishes due to reduced oxygen levels
• incubation 1-2 weeks

spasms or rigid, contracted muscles of jaw (lockjaw) affecting breathing; swallowing; chest, neck, back and abdominal muscles

prolonged rapid, powerful and painful muscle contractions which may lead to fractures and muscle tears

active immunization with tetanus toxoid every 10 years

• antibiotics
• sedative-hypnotics
• hyperbaric oxygen

• occur when bacteria or fungi infect part of the brain
• swelling and inflammation enveloped by membrane creating a mass of infected brain cells, white blood cells, live and dead bacteria and fungi

• often not found
• if source is found, most commonly lung infection
• other sources could be middle ear infection, sinus infection or endocarditis

• headache
• fever
• vomiting
• lethargy
• seizures
• personality changes

• MRI and CT scan
• lumbar puncture spinal tap to examine for increased crainial pressure or increased neutrophils and lymphocytes

• antibiotics
• surgical drainage
• supportive therapy

• progressive degenerative disease
• incidence increases with age while prevalence or risk doubles every 5 years
• has a familial or genetic component

• loss of mental capacity
• loss of ability to perform daily activities
• becomes disabled and immobilized
• usually succumbs to pneumonia

• no single test available
• other causes of symptoms need to be excluded
• confirmed at autopsy

• cholinesterase inhibitors
• NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) glutamate receptor antagonist
• anxiolytics
• sedative-hypnotics
• neuroleptics (antipsychotics)
• drugs only slow progression and do not cure disease, but may improve a patient's daily function and quality of life