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The flashcards below were created by user
mhunger
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Tetanus
- acute infection of the nervous system caused by the potentially deadly bacillus bacteria Clostridum tetani
- C. tetani enters deep tissue and flourishes due to reduced oxygen levels
- incubation 1-2 weeks
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Tetanus toxin causes
spasms or rigid, contracted muscles of jaw (lockjaw) affecting breathing; swallowing; chest, neck, back and abdominal muscles
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Tetany
prolonged rapid, powerful and painful muscle contractions which may lead to fractures and muscle tears
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Prevention of tetanus
active immunization with tetanus toxoid every 10 years
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Treatment of tetanus
- antibiotics
- sedative-hypnotics
- hyperbaric oxygen
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Brain abscess
- occur when bacteria or fungi infect part of the brain
- swelling and inflammation enveloped by membrane creating a mass of infected brain cells, white blood cells, live and dead bacteria and fungi
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Sources of infection for brain abscess
- often not found
- if source is found, most commonly lung infection
- other sources could be middle ear infection, sinus infection or endocarditis
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Symptoms of brain abscess
- headache
- fever
- vomiting
- lethargy
- seizures
- personality changes
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Diagnosis of brain abscess
- MRI and CT scan
- lumbar puncture spinal tap to examine for increased crainial pressure or increased neutrophils and lymphocytes
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Treatment of brain abscess
- antibiotics
- surgical drainage
- supportive therapy
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Alzheimer's disease
- progressive degenerative disease
- incidence increases with age while prevalence or risk doubles every 5 years
- has a familial or genetic component
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Course of Alzheimer's disease
- loss of mental capacity
- loss of ability to perform daily activities
- becomes disabled and immobilized
- usually succumbs to pneumonia
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Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
- no single test available
- other causes of symptoms need to be excluded
- confirmed at autopsy
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Treatment of Alzheimer's disease
- cholinesterase inhibitors
- NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) glutamate receptor antagonist
- anxiolytics
- sedative-hypnotics
- neuroleptics (antipsychotics)
- drugs only slow progression and do not cure disease, but may improve a patient's daily function and quality of life
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