NESP

the ability to learn a new word with just a few exposures to it

says that there is no relationship between 2 variables

muscle that vibrates and produces sound, aka vocal folds

muscle that adducts vocal folds, increases medial compression

muscle that adducts vocal folds

muscle that pulls apex of arytenoids in a medial direction

muscle that lengthens and tenses vocal folds

muscle that abducts vocal folds

muscles that support that larynx and fix its position

muscles that are primarily responsible for controlling sound production

states that the vocal folds vibrate because of the forces and pressure of air and the elasticity of the vocal folds

this is caused by the increased speech of air passing between the vocal folds, the "sucking" motion of the vocal folds toward one another

area 44 is..

function to regulate motor movement and is critical in the control of speech movement

the muscle that exerts the pull on the eustachian tube, causing it to open

primary elevator of the velum

CN V

CN- face (sensory) and jaw (motor)

CN VII

CN- Tongue (sensory) and face (motor)

CN VIII

CN- hearing and balance

CN IX

CN- tongue and pharynx (sensory) and pharnyx (motor)

CN X

CN- larynx, respiratory, cardiac, gastrointenstinal systems

CN XI

CN- throat movements

CN XII

CN- mostly tongue movements (motor)

study of the sound systems and patterns used to create the sounds and words of a language

variations of phonemes

an indication of interval between two frequencies

the study of word structure

the smallest meaningful unit of a language

a collection of rules that specify the ways and order in which words may be combined to form sentences in a particular language

the study of meaning in a language

type of CP which involves disturbed balance, awkward gait, and uncoordinated movements

type of CP which ic characterized by slow, writhing, involuntary movements

type of CP which involves increased tone and rigidity of muscles as well as stiff, abrupt, jerky, slow movements

-a speech-motor disorder caused by peripheral or centeral -nervous system damage
-monotonous pitch, deviant voice quality, variable speech rate, hypernasal
-speech sound slurred

-no weakness or paralysis of muscles, however it is difficult to program the precise movements necessary for speech
-motor-programming disorder
-caused by central nervous system damage

motor-based approach that focuses on auditory discrimination/perceptual training, phonetic placement, and drill-like repetition and practice

-motor-based approach based on the assumption that the syllable not the isolated phoneme is the basic unit of speech production
-says that phonetic environment is very important

-theory that explains language acquisition as the development of verbal behavior
-says learning plays a major role

-theory that child are born with a language acquisition device that contains the universal rules of language

-theory that states that cognition and intellectual processes make language acquisition possible
- children pass through 4 developmental stages

-theory that focuses on how language is learned 
-emphasizes auditory processesing

-theory that emphasizes language function over language structure
-language develops as a function of social interaction between a child and his environment

theorist that say stuttering consists of fluency distruption due to classically conditioned negative emotion

-theorist that says stuttering is a response to tension and fragmentation in speech

-stuttering treatment that aimed at reducing the abnormality of stutering through cancellations, pull-outs, and prepatory steps
-goal is normal fluency

stuttering treatment that includes airflow management, gentle phonatory onset, rate reduction, normal prosody, and counseling

-stuttering treatment that seeks to reduce stuttering directly without teaching fluency skills or modifying stuttering in less than abnormal forms
-uses time out and response cost

losing a tangible reinforces after every instance of stuttering

-this is heard when the vocal folds vibrate very slowly
-extremely low pitch
-sounds crackly

-sound shrill, unpleasant, somewhat high pitched
-often caused by  tension of the pharyngeal contrctions and elevation of the larynx

-a bright light source and a small round mirror, angled on a long, slender handel, to life the velum and press gently against the patients posterior pharyngeal wall
-patient phonates

-performed by a surgeon under anesthesia
-put in through the mouth into the phaynx to view larynx

-uses a thin flexible tube containing a lens and fiber-optic light bundles
-thru nose, over velum, above larynx
-patient able to speak and sing

-flexible tub thru nose with fiber-optic light tip
-can be attached to a video
-can view laryngeal anatomy, physiology, muscosal wave

graph that shows resonant characteristics of the vocal tract and the harmonic nature of the glottal source

- uses flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope or rigid endoscope
-strobe light
-shows slow motion movment of vocal folds
-microphone on neck

-yields an indirect measure of vocal fold closure patterns
- surface electrodes placed on sides of thyroid cartilage
-glottal wave forms and specialist observes the vocal form vibration

-resonance produced by backward retraction of hte tongue
-the tongue is called too far back in the oral cavity

-a localized, inflammatory, vasuclar lesion, that is usually composed of granular tissue in a firm, rounded sac

-benign growths of thick, whitish patches on the surface membrane of the muscosa

the narrowing of the subglottic space

-wart-like growths cased by HPV
-pink, white, or both may be found anywhere in the airyway
-cause hoarseness, breathiness, and low pitch

-a membrane that grows across the anterior portion of glottis

-an inappropriate closure or adduction of the true vocal folds during inhalation, exhalation or both

-stiffining of the joints
-movement of the artenoids is restricted because of bone-joint disease
-vocal folds do not close fully

-involuntary
-neurogenic cause
-abductor or adductor

-a nonfluent aphasia caused by lesions in the anterior superior frontal lobe
-speechlessness
-echolalaia, perseveration
-absent or reduced spontaneous speech
-intact repetition skills
-aware of grammar
-unfinished sentences

-invasive procedure to measure laryngeal function
-needles inserted into peripheral laryngeal muscles

-most severe form of nonfluent aphasia

-fluent aphasia 
-similar to wernicke's aphasia but with repetition intact

-fluent aphasia
-similar to wernicke's aphasia but with good to normal auditory comprehension

a loss of previously acquired reading skills due to recent brain damage

the loss or impairment of normally acquired writing skills

-impaired understanding of the meaning of certain stimuli even though there is not periferal sensory impairment
-can see, feel, and hear stimuli but can't understand their meaning

-dysarthria characterized by artic and prody problems
-drunk speech

-form of dementia where intellectual and langue deterioriation precedes motor deficits
-memory, new learning, poor reasoning and judgement, behavior changes, self neglect, disorientation, delusions/hallucinations, agressive

repeated patterns of movement that are measured per second

the number of times a cycle of vibration repeats itself within a second

damage to the nerve fibers along the asceding auditory pathways from the internal auditory meatus to the cortex 

the degree to which a measuring instrument measures what it's supposed to measure

the degree to which a new test correlates with an established test of known validity

the degree to which test scores are consistent with theoretical constructs or concepts

a measure of validy of a test based on a throrough examination of all test items to determine if the items are relevant to measures what the test is supposed to measure and whethere the items adequately sample the full range of the skill being measure

the accuracy with which a test predicts future performance on a related task

the consistency with which the same event is repeatedly measured

how similarly a subject's performance is independently measured or rated by two or more observes 

the consistency with which the same observer measures the same phenomenon on repeated occasions

the consistency of measures when the same test is administered to the same person twice

a measure of the internal consistency of a test

the problem of losing participants as the experiment progresses

sensorimotor 0-2
preoperational 2-7
concrete operations 7-11
formal operations >11