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What is an atom?
The smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that element.
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What is an atom made of
Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
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What are protons?
Positively charged particles in the nucleus.
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What are neutrons?
Particles of the nucleus that have no electrical charge.
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What is atomic mass unit?
A unit of mass used to express the mass of an atom or molecule .
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What are electrons?
Negatively charged particles outside the nucleus.
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Where do we find electrons?
Orbiting around the nucleus in energy levels, shells, or clouds.
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What is an electron cloud?
A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found.
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Do atoms have an overall charge?
Atoms have no overall charge unless the number of electrons and protons are unequal
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How do atoms have a positive or negative charge?
When the electrons and protons in the atom are not equal
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What are ions?
Charged particle formed when electrons and protons are not equal.
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What is the charge of an ion if we have more electrons?
More electrons means a negatively charged ion
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What is the charge of an ion if we have more protons?
Less electrons means a positively charged ion
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Do all atoms contain neutrons?
No. Hydrogen does not.
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What is atomic number?
The # of protons in the nucleus
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What are isotopes?
Are atoms that have the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons
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List some properties of isotopes.
Some isotopes are unstable. An unstable atom is an atom with a nucleus that will change over time – radioactive. Radioactive atoms spontaneously fall apart over time.
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How can we tell isotopes apart?
You can tell isotopes of an element apart by its mass number. mass number = protons + neutrons
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What is the mass number?
mass number = protons + neutrons
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What is atomic mass?
the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units; a weighted average of the masses of natural isotopes of that element.
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Name the four forces in an atom.
- Gravitational force
- Electromagnetic force
- Strong force and
- Weak force
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Who discovered the periodic table? What year?
Dmitri Mendeleev- 1869
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How did Mendeleev arrange the elements?
He arranged them in order of increasing atomic mass.
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What did Henry Mosely determine?
He determined the number of protons (the atomic number) in an atom.
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What is the Periodic Law?
The Periodic Law states that the repeating chemical & physical properties of elements change periodically with the elements' atomic numbers.
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Where do we find metals on the periodic table?
LEFT of the zigzag line on the table.
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List some properties about metals.
- Most metals are solid at room temperature (except for Mercury).
- Shiny.
- Ductile - drawn into thin wires
- Good conductors of electric current
- Good conductors of thermal energy
- Malleable - flattened with hammer and won't shatter.
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Where do we find nonmetals on the periodic table?
Found right of the zigzag line on the table
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List some properties of nonmetals.
- More than ½ are gases at room temp.
- Not malleable or ductile, not shiny, poor conductors of thermal energy and electric current
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Where do we find metalloids on the periodic table?
These border the zigzag line on the table.
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List some properties of metalloids.
Have some properties of both metals and some properties of nonmetals.
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How do we identify an element?
Each element is identified by a chemical symbol. Symbols are worldwide.
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What are horizontal rows called?
Horizontal rows (from left to right) are called PERIODS.
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What changes gradually as you move from left to right?
Conductivity and reactivity change gradually as you move left to right.
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What are vertical columns called?
Vertical columns (top to bottom) are called GROUPS.
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Elements in the same group often have similar __________ and __________ properties.
Elements in the same group often have similar chemical and physical properties.
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A group is also called a __________.
A group is also called a FAMILY
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Why are the properties in groups similar?
Properties in a group are similar because the atoms have the same number of electrons in their outer energy levels.
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What will atoms do in order to have a complete set of electrons?
Atoms will take, give or share electrons with each other in order to have a complete set of electrons.
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Elements that obtain a complete set of electrons are said to be ____________.
Elements that undergo this process are called reactive.
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Name all the groups.
G1) Alkali Metals, G2) Alkaline-Earth Metals, G3-12) Transition Metals, G13) Boron, G14) Carbon, G15) Nitrogen, G16) Oxygen, G17) Halogens, G18) Noble Gases and Hydrogen.
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Identify each group as metal, metalloid, nonmetal or combination: Alkali Metals, Alkaline-Earth Metals, Transition Metals, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Halogens, Noble Gases and Hydrogen.
- Alkali Metals, Alkaline-Earth Metals, Transition Metals: metals
- Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen: combination
- Halogens, Noble Gases and Hydrogen: nonmetal
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Name an element in each group.
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Define 1) atomic mass unit, 2) atomic number, 3) mass number and 4) atomic mass.
- 1) atomic mass unit: A unit of mass used to express the mass of an atom or molecule.
- 2) atomic number: The # of protons in the nucleus
- 3) mass number: protons + neutrons
- 4) atomic mass: a weighted average of the masses of natural isotopes of an element.
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What group(s) has these properties: softness, silver color, shiny, low density
Alkali Metals Group 1
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What group(s) has these properties: silver color, higher density than alkali metals
Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2
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What group(s) has these properties: shiny, good conductors of thermal energy, good conductors of electric current, higher density and melting points than elements in Group 1 & 2 (except mercury), malleable.
Transition Metals Groups 3-12
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What group(s) has these properties: solids at room temperature
- Boron Group 13, and
- Carbon Group 14
- Nitrogen Group 15 (except for Nitrogen: gas)
- Oxygen Group 16 (except for Oxygen: gas)
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What group(s) has these properties: violently reacts with Alkali Metals to form salts; never in uncombined forms in nature; poor conductors of electric current.
Halogen Group 17
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What group(s) has these properties: colorless, odorless gases at room temperature
Noble Gases Group 18
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What group(s) has these properties: colorless, odorless gas at room temperature; low density; explosive reactins with oxygen.
Hydrogen
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