AN SC 310 - 13

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  1. Who were the 2 most influential scientists of muscle physiology?
    • Luigi Galvani
    • Alessandro Volta
  2. What are the 3 classifications of muscles?
    • Skeletal
    • Smooth
    • Cardiac
  3. What is a muscle?
    Group of fascicles
  4. What are muscles fixed to?
    • Bones
    • Tendons
  5. What is muscle membrane called?
    Sarcolemma
  6. What is muscle cell plasm called?
    Sarcoplasm
  7. What is the reticulum in muscle called and what is it similar to?
    • Sarcoplasmic reticulum
    • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  8. What gives muscles a striated appearance?
    Myofibrils: actin and myosin
  9. What is thick filament?
    Actin
  10. What is thin filament?
    Myosin
  11. What is the smallest functional unit of muscle?
    Sarcomeres
    • 1. A band
    • 2. I band
    • 3. H band
    • 4. Crossbridges
    • 5. Actin
    • 6. Myosin
    • 7. Z line
    • 8. M line
    • 9. Sarcomere
    • 10. Myofibril
    • 1. Sarcomere
    • 2. Z line
    • 3. M line
    • 4. H band
    • 5. A band
    • 6. I band
  14. What is a contractile protein?
    Actin
  15. What are 2 regulatory proteins?
    • Tropomyosin
    • Troponin
  16. What are the 3 types of troponin and what do they do?
    • A - Actin binding
    • T - Tropomyosin binding
    • C - Calcium binding
  17. What are the 2 binding sites on actin heads?
    • Actin-binding site
    • ATPase site
  18. What is the "bare zone"?
    Site on thick filament that has no crossbridges (heads)
  19. Which line/band are myosin head and tail near?
    • Tail - toward M line
    • Head - toward I band
  20. What provides elasticity in muscles?
    Titin
  21. What is the sliding-filament model?
    Thick and thin filaments do not shorten, they overlap and slide past e/o
  22. What bands shorten during contraction?
    • I band
    • H band
  23. What are crossbridge cycles?
    Cyclical formation of links btwn actin and myosin resulting in the sliding of thin filaments toward the M ling of a sarcomere
  24. Crossbridge cycle
    What is the power stroke?
    Myosin head pivots, pulling the actin filament with it
  25. Crossbridge Cycle
    What is rigor?
    Myosin and actin are tightly bound
  26. Crossbridge Cycle
    What is binding?
    Pi is realeased from the ATPase site
  27. Crossbridge Cycle
    What is cocking?
    ATP is hydrolyzed; myosin is in its high-energy form
  28. Crossbridge Cycle
    What is unbinding?
    The myosin head detaches from the actin
  29. What is asynchronous cycling and why does it occur?
    • Crossbridge cycles are purposely out of step with e/o
    • Muscle cells can continuously generate force during contraction
  30. What is excitation-contraction coupling?
    Sequence of events whereby an AP in the sarcolemma causes contraction
  31. What are the 2 most important factors in muscle contraction?
    • Neural input from motor neuron
    • Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
  32. What is the role of Ca2+ in contraction?
    Binds to troponin = movement of troponin = movement of tropomyosin = exposed binding sites for myosin on actin = crossbridge cycle = contraction
  33. What are the 6 steps of excitation-contraction coupling?
    • 1. AP in sarcolemma
    • 2. AP down T tubules
    • 3. DHP receptors of T tubules open Ca2+ channels in lateral sacs of SR
    • 4. Ca2+ increases cytosol
    • 5. Ca2+ binds to troponin, shifting tropomyosin
    • 6. Crossbridge cycling occurs
  34. What are the 2 receptors involved in Ca2+ release?
    • DHP
    • Ryanodine
  35. What must happen to terminate contraction?
    • Ca2+ must leave troponin
    • Tropomyosin covers myosin binding site on actin
  36. How is Ca2+ removed from cytosol?
    Ca2+ ATPase in SR transports it from cytosol into SR

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Author:
 ebacker
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 180909
Filename:
 AN SC 310 - 13
Updated:
2012-10-31 04:34:20
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AN SC 310
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Description:
Lecture 13 - Muscle Physiology
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