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can viruses contain both DNA and RNA at the sametime?
no either one or the other
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this is ddetermined by a specific host attatchment sites and cellular factors
host range
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these normally infect only specific types of cells in one host
viruses
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these are known as obligatory intracellular parasites
viruses
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compared to bacteria and RBC how big is a virus?
very, very small!
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ssubunits to capids are called?
capsomeres
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how do capsomeres the little bumps on the virus assemble
spontaniously by the charges on them
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envelope are made out of what?
what our cell membrane are made out of, they normally get it from us...they barrow it
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the robot looking viruses are known as
complex viruses
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complex viruses put dna into a cell how?
by injection
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where a phage attaches by a tail fibers to host cell is known as?
attachment
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where a phage lysozyme opens cell wall tail sheath contracts to force tail core and DNA into cell is called
penetration
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where production of phage DNA and proteins is known as
biosynthesis
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the assembly of phage particles is known as
maturation
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where the phage lysozyme breaks cell wall is known as
release
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During the lytic cycle the viruses do what sequence
attachment, penetrate, biosynthesis, maturation and release out of the cell, they take the cell over
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when a virus incororates inself inside of a cell what cycle is this?
lysogenic cycle
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during the lysogentic cycle where the viruses recombinant into the DNA what is this called
prophage
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the lytic cycle can cause what to the host cell?
damage it can cause it to rupture
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During the lytic cycle where it is infected and happens to pick up some of the host DNA information and then break out of the cell to then be injected into another cell this is called? injection is just bacteria information
generalized transduction, associated with the lytic cycle
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When the bacteria is in a lysogenic phase where it has a prophage in it that seperates from the chromosomes and starts making viruses again this is called?
Specialized transduction
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How do bacteriophages get nucleotides and amino acids if they don't have any metabolic enzymes?
From the cell they took over
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Vibrio cholerae produces toxin and is capable of causing Cholera only when it is lysogenic, What does this mean?
It has been infected by the virus and the virus has incorporated itself into the chromosome
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How do animal viruses penetrate the cell?
pinocytosis and fusion
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The extra step in animal viruses and not in bacteriophages is?
uncoating
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When animal viruses go through the budding process how does it know to get out?
by viral proteins along the cell membrane
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DNA virses generally heads where?
straight to the cells nucleus
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In DNA viruses the capsules will assemble where?
in the nucleus
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Where does a RNA viruses assemble and replicate in a cell?
cytoplasm
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What enzyme do you need to make RNA?
RNA polymerse
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Dies RNA viruses depend on DNA
no they depend on RNA for RNA replication
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reverse transcriptase is from what kind of virus and what is happing?
retrovirus and it takes RNA and reverses it back to DNA
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aFter reverse transciptase has happend and the DNA is transferred into the host nucleus and intergrated into the host chromosome this is called?
provirus
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oncogenes transform normal cells in to what?
cancer cells
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These cells have become cancerous or tumor cells have an increased growth and loss of contact inhibition also have tumor specific antigens located on them and t antigens
transformed cells
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Papilloma virus, epstein barr and hepatitis B virus are what kind of viruses?
ocogogenic DNA viruses
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human t cell luekemia and feline lukemia are exaples of what kind of viruses?
ocogogenic RNA viruses
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Epstein BArr causes what?
Mono
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Viruses remains asystematic in host cell for long periods such as cold sores and shingles is known as
Latent
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Disease processes occurs over a long period of time and is generally fatal such as the measles virus is known as
persistant
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proteins that are infectious are known as
prions
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Sheep scrapie, creutzfeldt-jacob disease, gerstmann-straulssler schinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia and mad cow disease are caused by what kind of cell?
prions
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When a prion bumps into a normal protein what happens to that normal prtein?
it turns into another abnrmal protein because it is contagious
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An infectious RNA, no protein no capsid and resemble introns, what are they?
viroids
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Viroids are only found in where?
plants so far
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